斯里兰卡农村地区小学生的营养状况；对一个儿童健康标准较高的国家而言的一项公共卫生挑战。
Nutritional status among primary school children in rural Sri Lanka; a public health challenge for a country with high child health standards.
作者信息
Naotunna N P G C R, Dayarathna M, Maheshi H, Amarasinghe G S, Kithmini V S, Rathnayaka M, Premachandra L, Premarathna N, Rajasinghe P C, Wijewardana G, Agampodi T C, Agampodi S B
机构信息
Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
Faculty of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2017 Jan 10;17(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-4001-1.
BACKGROUND
Nutritional status of pre adolescent children is not widely studied in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status among pre-adolescent school children in a rural province of Sri Lanka.
METHODS
A school based cross sectional study was carried out in North Central Province in 100 rural schools, selected using multi stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size. Children in grade one to five were enrolled with a maximum cluster size of fifty. Anthropometric measurements were done by trained data collectors and venesection was done at site by trained nurses. WHO AnthoPlus was used to calculate the BMI, height for age and weight for age Z scores. Survey design adjusted prevalence estimates with linearized standard errors were generated using svy function of STATA. Mean haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was calculated using methaeamoglobin method. Screening for iron deficiency and thalassemia trait was done using peripheral blood films.
RESULTS
Height and weight measurements were done for 4469 of children and the Hb data was available for 4398 children. Based on the survey design adjusted estimates, prevalence of severe thinness, thinness, overweight and obesity in this population was 8.60% (SE 0.94), 2.91%(SE 0.74), 2.95%(0.26) and 2.43%(SE 0.92) respectively. Similarly, survey design adjusted prevalence of underweight and stunting were, 25.93% (95% CI 24.07-27.89%) and 43.92%(95% CI 40.55-47.56%). Adjusted mean estimates for hemoglobin was 12.20 (95% CI 12.16-12.24) g/dL. Prevalence of anemia was 17.3% (n = 749). Prevalence of mild and moderate anemia was 9.4 and 7.6% respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms that malnutrition is still a major problem in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.
背景
斯里兰卡对青春期前儿童的营养状况研究并不广泛。本研究的目的是确定斯里兰卡一个农村省份青春期前学童的营养状况。
方法
在北中央省的100所农村学校开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究，采用按规模大小成比例的多阶段整群抽样法进行选择。一至五年级的儿童被纳入研究，最大整群规模为50人。人体测量由经过培训的数据收集员进行，静脉穿刺由经过培训的护士在现场进行。使用世界卫生组织AnthoPlus计算体重指数、年龄别身高和年龄别体重Z评分。使用STATA的svy函数生成经调查设计调整的患病率估计值及线性化标准误差。采用高铁血红蛋白法计算平均血红蛋白浓度（Hb）。使用外周血涂片筛查缺铁和地中海贫血特征。
结果
对4469名儿童进行了身高和体重测量，4398名儿童有Hb数据。根据经调查设计调整的估计值，该人群中重度消瘦、消瘦、超重和肥胖的患病率分别为8.60%（标准误0.94）、2.91%（标准误0.74）、2.95%（0.26）和2.43%（标准误0.92）。同样，经调查设计调整的体重不足和发育迟缓患病率分别为25.93%（95%置信区间24.07 - 27.89%）和43.92%（95%置信区间40.55 - 47.56%）。血红蛋白的调整后平均估计值为12.20（95%置信区间12.16 - 12.24）g/dL。贫血患病率为17.3%（n = 749）。轻度和中度贫血患病率分别为9.4%和7.6%。
结论
本研究证实，营养不良在斯里兰卡北中央省仍是一个主要问题。
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