Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021 Feb 1;92(2):129-134. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5771.2021.
In the 1990s, Canada, member states of the European Space Agency, Japan, the Russian Federation, and the United States entered into an international agreement Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station. Among the many unique infrastructure challenges, partners were to develop a comprehensive international medical system and related processes to enable crew medical certification and medical support for all phases of missions, in a framework to support a multilateral space program of unprecedented size, scope, and degree of integration. During the Shuttle/Mir Program, physicians and specialized experts from the United States and Russia studied prototype systems and developed and operated collaborative mechanisms. The 1998 NASA Memoranda of Understanding with each of the other four partners established the Multilateral Medial Policy Board, the Multilateral Space Medicine Board, and the Multilateral Medical Operations Panel as medical authority bodies to ensure International Space Station (ISS) crew health and performance. Since 1998, the medical system of the ISS Program has ensured health and excellent performance of the international crewsan essential prerequisite for the construction and operation of the ISSand prevented mission-impacting medical events and adverse health outcomes. As the ISS is completing its second decade of crewed operation, it is prudent to appraise its established medical framework for its utility moving forward in new space exploration initiatives. Not only the ISS Program participants, but other nations and space agencies as well, concomitant with commercial endeavors in human spaceflight, can benefit from this evidence for future human exploration programs.
在 20 世纪 90 年代，加拿大、欧洲航天局成员国、日本、俄罗斯联邦和美国签署了一项关于国际民用空间站合作的国际协议。在许多独特的基础设施挑战中，合作伙伴将开发一个全面的国际医疗系统和相关流程，以支持所有任务阶段的机组人员医疗认证和医疗支持，在一个支持规模、范围和一体化程度空前的多边空间计划的框架内。在航天飞机/和平号计划期间，来自美国和俄罗斯的医生和专业专家研究了原型系统，并开发和运行了协作机制。1998 年，美国宇航局与其他四个合作伙伴的谅解备忘录建立了多边医疗政策委员会、多边空间医学委员会和多边医疗操作小组作为医疗权威机构，以确保国际空间站（ISS）机组人员的健康和绩效。自 1998 年以来，ISS 计划的医疗系统确保了国际机组人员的健康和出色表现——这是国际空间站建设和运行的必要前提——并防止了对任务产生影响的医疗事件和不良健康结果。随着国际空间站即将完成其第二个十年的载人运行，对其在新的太空探索计划中的未来实用性进行评估是谨慎的。不仅是国际空间站计划的参与者，还有其他国家和空间机构，以及载人航天领域的商业努力，都可以从这一证据中受益，为未来的人类探索计划提供参考。
