Shamil Mohammed, Legese Nanati, Tadiwos Yohannes
School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2021 Jan 14;13:41-51. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S278150. eCollection 2021.
Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, because of occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a short-term antiretroviral treatment used to reduce the likelihood of viral infection after exposure to the blood or body fluids of an infected person. Timely PEP after exposure to high-risk body fluids in the working area can reduce the rate of transmission of HIV significantly.
To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors towards PEP for HIV/AIDS among health professionals in health centers in the Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires from March to April 2019. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20, and the result was presented in the form of tables and figures.
Of 217 participants, 51.6% were male and 75.2% were in the age group of 20-30 years. One hundred thirty (59.9%) respondents had a year of service less than 5 years, and nearly half (45.2%) of the participants had a Diploma. The study revealed that 35.02% of the participants had inadequate knowledge of PEP. About 32.26% had an unfavorable attitude towards PEP. Of 124 (57.1%) exposed respondents, 54 (68.4%) tried to get PEP service and 49 (90.7%) started to use PEP. Twenty-six (48.1%) respondents started to use PEP within 6 to 24 hours after exposure. Sex, qualification, and attitude status were found to have a significant association with knowledge regarding PEP.
The findings of this study indicated that a significant number of health professionals had poor knowledge and poor attitude towards PEP. Occupational exposures were common among health professionals. However, the practice of using PEP was low among health professionals. As a result, health facilities should strengthen and integrate routine PEP services by providing training to all health professionals.
医护人员由于职业性接触血液和其他体液，面临感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险。暴露后预防（PEP）是一种短期抗逆转录病毒治疗，用于降低接触感染者的血液或体液后病毒感染的可能性。在工作区域接触高风险体液后及时进行PEP可显著降低HIV传播率。
评估埃塞俄比亚东部哈勒里地区卫生中心的卫生专业人员对HIV/AIDS暴露后预防的知识、态度、实践及相关因素。
2019年3月至4月，采用结构化问卷进行回顾性横断面研究。收集的数据使用SPSS 20版进行分析，结果以表格和图表形式呈现。
217名参与者中，51.6%为男性，75.2%年龄在20 - 30岁之间。130名（59.9%）受访者工作年限少于5年，近一半（45.2%）参与者拥有文凭。研究显示，35.02%的参与者对PEP知识掌握不足。约32.26%的人对PEP持不利态度。在124名（57.1%）暴露的受访者中，54名（68.4%）试图获得PEP服务，49名（90.7%）开始使用PEP。26名（48.1%）受访者在暴露后6至24小时内开始使用PEP。发现性别、学历和态度状况与PEP知识存在显著关联。
本研究结果表明，相当数量的卫生专业人员对PEP知识掌握不足且态度不佳。职业暴露在卫生专业人员中很常见。然而，卫生专业人员中使用PEP的实践率较低。因此，卫生机构应通过为所有卫生专业人员提供培训来加强和整合常规PEP服务。
