Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, UK.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2020 Nov-Dec;17(11-12):813-825. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1879647. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Exercise offers protection from non-communicable diseases and extends healthspan by offsetting natural physiological declines that occur in older age. Striated muscle is the largest bodily organ; it underpins the capacity for physical work, and the responses of muscle to exercise convey the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle. Proteomic surveys of muscle provide a means to study the protective effects of exercise and this review summaries some key findings from literature listed in PubMed during the last 10 years that have led to new insight in muscle exercise physiology.
'Bottom-up' analyses involving liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of peptide digests have become the mainstay of proteomic studies and have been applied to muscle mitochondrial fractions. Enrichment techniques for post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, have evolved and the analysis of site-specific modifications has become a major area of interest in exercise proteomics. Finally, we consider emergent techniques for dynamic analysis of muscle proteomes that offer new insight to protein turnover and the contributions of synthesis and degradation to changes in protein abundance in response to exercise training.
Burgeoning methods for dynamic proteome profiling offer new opportunities to study the mechanisms of muscle adaptation.
运动可以预防非传染性疾病，并通过抵消老年时自然生理衰退来延长健康寿命。横纹肌是人体最大的器官；它支撑着身体进行体力活动的能力，而肌肉对运动的反应则传达了积极生活方式带来的健康益处。肌肉的蛋白质组学调查提供了一种研究运动保护作用的方法，本综述总结了过去 10 年中 PubMed 中列出的一些文献中的关键发现，这些发现为肌肉运动生理学提供了新的见解。
涉及肽段消化物的液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）的“自下而上”分析已成为蛋白质组学研究的主要方法，并已应用于肌肉线粒体部分。用于翻译后修饰（包括磷酸化、乙酰化和泛素化）的富集技术不断发展，并且对特定修饰部位的分析已成为运动蛋白质组学的一个主要研究领域。最后，我们考虑了肌肉蛋白质组动态分析的新兴技术，这些技术为蛋白质周转以及合成和降解对运动训练引起的蛋白质丰度变化的贡献提供了新的见解。
不断涌现的动态蛋白质组学分析方法为研究肌肉适应的机制提供了新的机会。
