Bako B, El-Nafaty A U, Mshelia D S, Gali R M, Isa B, Dungus M M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Department of Chemical pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2021 Jan;24(1):75-80. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_640_19.
Pregnancy is a period of heightened calcium demand necessary for the optimum growth and development of the fetus and placenta. Women with low calcium intake may manifest with hypocalcemia in pregnancy.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypocalcemia among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. For each patient, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were noted. Serum calcium, phosphate, total protein, and albumin were determined using spectrophometric methods with their specific reagents. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software for windows version 20. Chi-square test, Student t-test and ANOVA were used as appropriate. Odd ratio with multiple logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for hypocalcemia. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 1,500 (1,000 pregnant and 500 non-pregnant) women were analyzed. The mean age, total protein, and albumin were similar in the pregnant and non-pregnant women. However, the non-pregnant women were of higher parity than the pregnant women (3.75 ± 2.79 versus 2.45 ± 2.24, P < 0.001). The staple food of both group were mainly high carbohydrate diets. The prevalence of hypocalcemia was 29.20% among the pregnant women and 14.20% among the non-pregnant women (X = 64.34, P < 0.001). The mean serum calcium was lower among the pregnant compared to the non-pregnant women (2.08 ± 0.22 mmol/L versus 2.2 ± 0.19 mmol/L, F = 5.73, P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean serum calcium across the trimesters of pregnancy (F = 1.58, P = 0.21).
Hypocalcemia in pregnancy is common in our environment and it is associated with anemia in pregnancy, anorexia, and primigravidity while attainment of at least basic education is protective. We recommend routine calcium supplementation in pregnancy and preconception period.
孕期是胎儿和胎盘最佳生长发育所需钙需求增加的时期。钙摄入量低的女性在孕期可能会出现低钙血症。
本研究旨在确定尼日利亚迈杜古里孕妇和非孕妇低钙血症的患病率及危险因素。
2017年1月1日至2018年12月31日在迈杜古里大学教学医院进行了一项比较横断面研究。记录每位患者的社会人口统计学和临床特征。使用分光光度法及特定试剂测定血清钙、磷、总蛋白和白蛋白。使用适用于Windows版本20的SPSS统计软件对获得的数据进行分析。适当使用卡方检验、学生t检验和方差分析。采用多因素logistic回归的比值比来确定低钙血症的危险因素。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
共分析了1500名女性（1000名孕妇和500名非孕妇）。孕妇和非孕妇的平均年龄、总蛋白和白蛋白相似。然而，非孕妇的产次高于孕妇（3.75±2.79对2.45±2.24，P<0.001）。两组的主食主要是高碳水化合物饮食。孕妇低钙血症患病率为29.20%，非孕妇为14.20%（X=64.34，P<0.001）。孕妇的平均血清钙低于非孕妇（2.08±0.22mmol/L对2.2±0.19mmol/L，F=5.73，P=0.02）。孕期各孕周的平均血清钙无统计学显著差异（F=1.58，P=0.21）。
在我们的环境中，孕期低钙血症很常见，它与孕期贫血、厌食和初孕有关，而至少接受基础教育具有保护作用。我们建议在孕期和孕前进行常规补钙。
