Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana; Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Nephrology Unit, Bokamoso Private Hospital and Renal Care Unit, Gaborone, Botswana.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2021 Jan;24(1):81-88. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_464_19.
Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are at risk of blood transmitted infections such as hepatitis B and C.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Gaborone, Botswana.
A cross-sectional study with a retrospective longitudinal approach involving all eligible public patients undergoing hemodialysis was carried out for a period of 3 months. Data on socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and hepatitis serology was collected using a case report form. Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used for data entry, cleaning, and analysis. The risk factors associated with Hepatitis B and C infections were determined using bivariate logistic regression analyses. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Of the 168 participants, 5 (2.98%) were HBsAg seropositive at the initiation of hemodialysis, whereas 2 (1.19%) were seropositive for anti-HCV antibodies at the initiation of hemodialysis. Two patients out of 163 (1.23%) were found to have seroconverted to HBsAg positivity during hemodialysis. One out of 166 patients (0.61%) seroconverted to HCV antibodies positivity during hemodialysis. The duration of hemodialysis, history of invasive procedures, HIV status, frequency of hospitalization, and blood transfusion were not associated with seroconversion for both Hepatitis B and C.
The prevalence hepatitis B and C infections among ESRD patients on hemodialysis is low. There was no significant association between the identified risk factors and HBV/HCV infection. Regular audits on seroconversion status for hepatitis B and C are recommended as a way of assessing and supporting the current strategies for infection control among HD patients.
维持性血液透析（HD）患者存在乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎等血源性传染病感染的风险。
确定博茨瓦纳哈博罗内维持性血液透析的终末期肾病（ESRD）患者中乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行率和危险因素。
这是一项横断面研究，采用回顾性纵向方法，对所有符合条件的接受血液透析的公共患者进行了为期 3 个月的研究。使用病例报告表收集社会人口统计学、临床特征和肝炎血清学数据。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）版本 24 进行数据录入、清理和分析。使用双变量逻辑回归分析确定与乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎感染相关的危险因素。P 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在 168 名参与者中，有 5 名（2.98%）在开始血液透析时 HBsAg 血清阳性，而有 2 名（1.19%）在开始血液透析时抗 HCV 抗体血清阳性。在 163 名患者中有 2 名（1.23%）在血液透析过程中发现血清转换为 HBsAg 阳性。在 166 名患者中有 1 名（0.61%）在血液透析过程中血清转换为 HCV 抗体阳性。血液透析时间、有创操作史、HIV 状态、住院频率和输血与乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的血清转换均无关。
血液透析的 ESRD 患者中乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎感染的流行率较低。未发现确定的危险因素与乙型肝炎/丙型肝炎感染之间存在显著关联。建议定期对乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的血清转换状态进行审核，以评估和支持目前针对血液透析患者的感染控制策略。
