Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(20):25701-25715. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12295-6. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
In order to find the spatial distribution characteristics of elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon in fine particles, daily PM aerosol samples were collected at two different stations, between July 2014 and September 2015 in Ankara, Turkey. Concentrations of OC ranged from 2.1 to 42 μg m at urban station. These concentrations were higher than those obtained for suburban station whose values ranged from 1.3 to 15 μg m. Concentrations of EC ranged from 0.7 to 4.9 μg m at the urban station. As in OC case, the corresponding levels were higher than those measured for suburban station. The associated EC levels ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 μg m for the suburban station. Daily changes in the levels of EC were larger than the OC levels. OC/EC ratios were lower with lower monthly variability in summer and higher with lower monthly variability in winter at the urban site. Medium and weak correlations were obtained between EC and OC in the winter and summer seasons, respectively, at both stations. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) was an important component of OC in PM at the urban and suburban sites. The winter SOC level was higher than the summer SOC level at the urban site but slightly lower than the summer SOC level at the suburban site. Total carbon was apportioned using factor analysis for the eight carbon fraction data (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, EC1, EC2, EC3, and OP). The main sources of pollutants in the urban and suburban settings were from vehicular emissions, biomass and coal combustions, and road dust.
为了寻找元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）在细颗粒物中的空间分布特征，于 2014 年 7 月至 2015 年 9 月在土耳其安卡拉的两个不同站点采集了每日 PM 气溶胶样品。城市站 OC 的浓度范围为 2.1 至 42μg/m。这些浓度高于郊区站的浓度，后者的浓度范围为 1.3 至 15μg/m。城市站 EC 的浓度范围为 0.7 至 4.9μg/m。与 OC 情况一样，相应的浓度高于郊区站测量的浓度。郊区站的 EC 相应水平为 0.1 至 3.4μg/m。EC 的日变化大于 OC 的日变化。城市站夏季 OC/EC 比值较低，月变异性较低，冬季 OC/EC 比值较高，月变异性较低。在两个站点的冬季和夏季，EC 与 OC 之间分别获得了中等和弱相关。在城市和郊区站点的 PM 中，次生有机碳（SOC）是 OC 的重要组成部分。城市站点冬季 SOC 水平高于夏季 SOC 水平，但略低于郊区站点夏季 SOC 水平。使用因子分析将总碳分配到 OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3 和 OP 这 8 个碳分数数据中。城市和郊区环境中污染物的主要来源是机动车排放、生物质和煤炭燃烧以及道路灰尘。
