Environmental Engineering Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Environmental Engineering Department, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Mar;26(7):6839-6854. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3998-3. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
Düzce is one of the cities located in the western Black Sea region of Turkey with a population of 377,610 in 2017 (TUIK, 2017). There is no satisfying scientific information available to address the contribution of primary and secondary sources of carbonaceous aerosols to the observed PM levels in the city. The main objective of the study is to determine the levels and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in PM. For this purpose, PM samples were collected at urban and suburban locations in Düzce during winter and summer season in 2015. Average summer OC and EC concentrations in the urban area were 9.5 and 1.3 μg m, respectively, while the corresponding concentrations were observed as 28.5 and 2.3 μg m, respectively for winter season. Summer mean OC and EC levels at the suburban site were 5.46 and 0.37 μg m, respectively, while those for winter were found as 6.68 and 0.61 μg m.The contributions of OC and EC to measured PM levels were found in the range of 10% to 60% and 1% to 7%, respectively, at the urban station while the associated contributions were in the range of 10% to 50% and 0.6% to 6%, respectively, at the suburban station. The concentrations measured during winter months in both areas were found to be higher than those measured during summer months. The EC tracer method was used in order to estimate the SOC contribution. The contribution of SOC concentrations to the total PM mass was found to be higher during winter in the urban area and during summer in the suburban area.
土耳其西部黑海地区的城市之一，2017 年人口为 377610 人（TUIK，2017）。目前尚无令人满意的科学信息可用于说明城市观测到的 PM 水平中碳质气溶胶的一次和二次来源的贡献。本研究的主要目的是确定 PM 中碳质气溶胶的水平和来源。为此，2015 年冬季和夏季在杜兹切市城区和郊区采集了 PM 样品。城市地区夏季 OC 和 EC 的平均浓度分别为 9.5 和 1.3μg/m3，而冬季相应的浓度分别为 28.5 和 2.3μg/m3。郊区夏季 OC 和 EC 的平均浓度分别为 5.46 和 0.37μg/m3，而冬季分别为 6.68 和 0.61μg/m3。OC 和 EC 对城区测量 PM 水平的贡献范围为 10%至 60%和 1%至 7%，而郊区的相应贡献范围为 10%至 50%和 0.6%至 6%。两个地区冬季测量的浓度均高于夏季。使用 EC 示踪剂法来估算 SOC 的贡献。SOC 浓度对总 PM 质量的贡献在城市地区冬季较高，而在郊区地区夏季较高。
