Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Veterinary Clinical Science, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
Present address: Kelly N. Monaghan, Aspen Meadow Veterinary Specialists, 104 South Main Street, Longmont, CO, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Mar;35(2):987-992. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16026. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Little is known about effects of factors such as kidney disease, affecting ampicillin pharmacokinetics in dogs.
Determine the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin after a single intravenous dose in healthy and azotemic dogs.
Nine dogs presenting with acute kidney injury and 10 healthy dogs.
This was a prospective study. An ampicillin dose of 22.2 mg/kg (mean dose) was administered once intravenously. Blood samples were obtained at timed intervals (just before administration, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours), analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by pharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma drug concentrations.
Peak ampicillin concentration (mcg/mL; 97.07 (36.1) vs 21.3 (50.26)), P<.001 (geometric mean (coefficient of variation, CV%)), half-life (hours; 5.86 (56.55) vs 0.97 (115.3)), P<.001) and AUC (h × mcg/mL; 731.04 (83.75) vs 33.57 (53.68)), P<.001) were greater in azotemic dogs than in healthy dogs. Azotemic dogs also had significantly lower clearance (30.06 (84.19) vs 655.03 (53.67); mL/kg h, P < .001) and volume of distribution (253.95 (30.14) vs 916.93 (135.24); mL/kg, P <.001) compared to healthy dogs.
Increased drug concentrations and slower clearance of ampicillin in azotemic dogs could have clinical importance in contributing to antibiotic associated morbidity requiring indicating the need to adjust ampicillin dosing in dogs with decreased kidney function.
关于影响犬类氨苄西林药代动力学的因素（如肾脏疾病）知之甚少。
确定健康犬和氮血症犬单次静脉注射氨苄西林后的药代动力学。
9 只患有急性肾损伤的犬和 10 只健康犬。
这是一项前瞻性研究。单次静脉给予 22.2mg/kg 的氨苄西林剂量（平均剂量）。在给药前、1、2、4、12 和 24 小时采集血样，用高效液相色谱法分析，然后对血浆药物浓度进行药代动力学分析。
氮血症犬的氨苄西林峰浓度（mcg/mL；97.07（36.1）与 21.3（50.26），P<.001（几何均数（变异系数，CV%）），半衰期（小时；5.86（56.55）与 0.97（115.3），P<.001）和 AUC（h × mcg/mL；731.04（83.75）与 33.57（53.68），P<.001）均高于健康犬。氮血症犬的清除率（30.06（84.19）与 655.03（53.67）；mL/kg h，P <.001）和分布容积（253.95（30.14）与 916.93（135.24）；mL/kg，P <.001）也明显低于健康犬。
氮血症犬氨苄西林浓度增加和清除率减慢可能对与抗生素相关的发病率有临床意义，需要表明需要调整肾功能下降的犬的氨苄西林剂量。
