Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;52(6):1223-1243. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1864719. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Contamination of environmental sources such as soils, sediments and rivers and human exposure caused by several endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are considered as the most challenging issues of today's world. EDCs cover a wide variety of compounds ranging from phthalates to parabens and bisphenols (BPs) are the leading group among them. BPs are widely used during the production of different plastic materials such as food and beverage containers, toys, medical equipment and baby bottles that we use in every aspect of our lives. BPs may migrate from those products to different media under certain conditions and this situation causes chronic exposure for humans and other creatures in the environment. Especially bisphenol A (BPA) and its other analogues such as bisphenol F, bisphenol S and tetrabromobisphenol that have similar structures and are preferred as alternatives to BPA cause harmful adverse effects such as endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. There are legal restrictions and prohibitions by the European Union (EU) in order to prevent possible harmful effects. Therefore, it is important to develop highly sensitive, fast, easy to use and cheap sensors for the determination of BPs in biological, environmental and commercial samples. Electrochemical sensors, which are one of the most widely, used analytical techniques, provide these conditions. Additionally, it is possible to enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors with nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers or aptamer based technologies. This review aims to give comprehensive information about BPs with summarizing most recent applications of electrochemical sensors for their determination in different samples.
环境源（如土壤、沉积物和河流）的污染以及多种内分泌干扰化合物 (EDCs) 导致的人类暴露，被认为是当今世界面临的最具挑战性的问题之一。EDCs 涵盖了从邻苯二甲酸酯到对羟基苯甲酸酯等多种化合物，其中双酚类 (BPs) 是主要的一类。BPs 广泛用于生产各种塑料材料，如食品和饮料容器、玩具、医疗设备和婴儿奶瓶，这些材料在我们生活的方方面面都有使用。在某些条件下，BPs 可能会从这些产品中迁移到不同的介质中，这种情况会导致人类和环境中的其他生物受到慢性暴露。特别是双酚 A (BPA) 及其它类似物，如双酚 F、双酚 S 和四溴双酚 A，它们具有相似的结构，被优先用作 BPA 的替代品，会导致内分泌干扰、神经毒性、遗传毒性和细胞毒性等有害的不良影响。欧盟 (EU) 对 BPA 采取了法律限制和禁止措施，以防止可能产生的有害影响。因此，开发用于生物、环境和商业样品中 BPs 测定的高灵敏度、快速、易于使用和廉价的传感器非常重要。电化学传感器作为最广泛使用的分析技术之一，提供了这些条件。此外，还可以通过纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物或适体基技术来增强电化学传感器的性能。本综述旨在提供有关 BPs 的综合信息，并总结电化学传感器在不同样品中测定 BPs 的最新应用。
