Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
Environ Manage. 2021 Apr;67(4):731-746. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01425-6. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Community-based conservation and resource management (CBCRM) programs often incorporate the dual goals of poverty alleviation and conservation. However, robust assessments of CBCRM program outcomes are relatively scarce. This study uses a multidisciplinary, systems approach to assess the ecological and social dimensions of success of an internationally acclaimed CBCRM program. This program, located in one of the largest protected areas in the Peruvian Amazon (Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve), strives for the sustainable harvest and trade of a turtle species (Podocnemis unifilis). We used mixed methods analysis, including interviews and population viability modeling, to understand three elements: how local perceptions of changes in the managed population compare to changes inferred by ecological analyses, the indicators stakeholders use to measure success, and the barriers to long-term program success and social-ecological system sustainability. We find that stakeholders perceive a growth trend in the managed turtle population, but this perception may diverge from our ecological understanding of the system under current management. Population viability analyses with a 1:1 sex ratio suggested population size will decline under two of three management scenarios (different degrees of harvest). Yet this and similar studies are plagued by a lack of species- and site-specific population parameters that could improve understanding of the system. Significant vulnerabilities exist for system sustainability, notably the recent decrease in foreign demand for the traded resource. Identifying a sustainable species-specific harvest rate, developing locally-grounded ecological and social indicators, and focusing on data-driven adaptive management will facilitate the identification of key leverage points for future management interventions.
基于社区的保护和资源管理（CBCRM）计划通常将扶贫和保护这两个目标结合在一起。然而，对 CBCRM 计划成果的有力评估相对较少。本研究采用多学科、系统的方法来评估一个在国际上广受赞誉的 CBCRM 计划在生态和社会方面的成功程度。该计划位于秘鲁亚马逊地区最大的保护区之一（帕卡亚-萨米里亚国家保护区），旨在实现一种海龟物种（Podocnemis unifilis）的可持续收获和贸易。我们使用混合方法分析，包括访谈和种群生存力建模，来了解三个要素：当地对管理种群变化的看法与生态分析推断的变化相比如何，利益相关者用来衡量成功的指标，以及长期计划成功和社会生态系统可持续性的障碍。我们发现，利益相关者认为管理海龟种群呈增长趋势，但这种看法可能与我们目前管理下对系统的生态理解存在分歧。性别比例为 1:1 的种群生存力分析表明，在三种管理情景中的两种情景下（不同程度的收获），种群规模将会下降。然而，这种分析以及类似的研究都受到缺乏特定物种和特定地点的种群参数的困扰，这些参数可以提高对系统的理解。系统可持续性存在重大脆弱性，尤其是最近交易资源的外国需求下降。确定可持续的特定物种收获率、制定基于本地的生态和社会指标，并专注于数据驱动的适应性管理，将有助于确定未来管理干预的关键杠杆点。
