MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 22;70(3):69-74. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7003a1.
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, persons should consume fruits and vegetables as part of a healthy eating pattern to reduce their risk for diet-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and obesity.* A healthy diet is important for healthy growth in adolescence, especially because adolescent health behaviors might continue into adulthood (1). The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommends minimum daily intake of 1.5 cups of fruit and 2.5 cups of vegetables for females aged 14-18 years and 2 cups of fruit and 3 cups of vegetables for males aged 14-18 years. Despite the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, few adolescents consume these recommended amounts (2-4). In 2013, only 8.5% of high school students met the recommendation for fruit consumption, and only 2.1% met the recommendation for vegetable consumption (2). To update the 2013 data, CDC analyzed data from the 2017 national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) to describe the percentage of students who met intake recommendations, overall and by sex, school grade, and race/ethnicity. The median frequencies of fruit and vegetable consumption nationally were 0.9 and 1.1 times per day, respectively. Nationally, 7.1% of students met USDA intake recommendations for fruits (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0-10.3) and 2.0% for vegetables (upper 95% confidence limit = 7.9) using previously established scoring algorithms. State-specific estimates of the percentage of students meeting fruit intake recommendations ranged from 4.0% (Connecticut) to 9.3% (Louisiana), and the percentage meeting vegetable intake recommendations ranged from 0.6% (Kansas) to 3.7% (New Mexico). Additional efforts to expand the reach of existing school and community programs or to identify new effective strategies, such as social media approaches, might help address barriers and improve adolescent fruit and vegetable consumption.
根据 2020-2025 年美国人饮食指南，人们应将水果和蔬菜作为健康饮食模式的一部分，以降低与饮食相关的慢性病（如心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、某些癌症和肥胖症）的风险。*健康饮食对青少年的健康成长很重要，尤其是因为青少年的健康行为可能会延续到成年期（1）。美国农业部 (USDA) 建议 14-18 岁的女性每天至少摄入 1.5 杯水果和 2.5 杯蔬菜，14-18 岁的男性每天摄入 2 杯水果和 3 杯蔬菜。尽管水果和蔬菜的消费有很多好处，但很少有青少年达到这些推荐量（2-4）。2013 年，只有 8.5%的高中生达到了水果消费的推荐量，只有 2.1%的高中生达到了蔬菜消费的推荐量（2）。为了更新 2013 年的数据，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2017 年全国和州青少年风险行为调查（YRBS）的数据，以描述总体和按性别、学校年级和种族/族裔满足摄入量建议的学生比例。全国范围内水果和蔬菜的平均消费频率分别为每天 0.9 次和 1.1 次。全国范围内，有 7.1%的学生达到了美国农业部的水果摄入量建议（95%置信区间 [CI] = 4.0-10.3），2.0%的学生达到了蔬菜摄入量建议（上限 95%置信限 = 7.9），使用了先前建立的评分算法。各州满足水果摄入量建议的学生比例从 4.0%（康涅狄格州）到 9.3%（路易斯安那州）不等，满足蔬菜摄入量建议的学生比例从 0.6%（堪萨斯州）到 3.7%（新墨西哥州）不等。扩大现有学校和社区项目的覆盖面或确定新的有效策略，如社交媒体方法，可能有助于解决障碍并提高青少年对水果和蔬菜的消费。
