Kuvaev R O, Yakovenko E P, Nikonov E L, Zaytsev S V, Pospelova E E, Krashenkova A V
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital, 150054, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2020;89(6):38-47. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10077. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosacc harides, and polyols (FODMAP) are a large class of small nondigestible carbohydrates, which are poorly absorbed in the small bowel. The microscopic size, high osmotic activity, and the higher fermentation of unabsorbed FODMAPs by colonic bacteria lead to bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, low FODMAP diet appears to be promising treatment approach in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this review, we analyzed available publications on efficacy and safety of low FODMAP diet in the treatment of IBS patients. Based on the current data we outlined basic principles and methodology of low FODMAP diet usage in clinical practice, and constructed the detailed list of low and high FODMAP products for designing a food regimen in patients with IBS.
可发酵的低聚糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）是一大类难以消化的小分子碳水化合物，在小肠中吸收不良。未被吸收的FODMAP的微观尺寸、高渗透活性以及结肠细菌对其更高的发酵作用，会导致肠易激综合征患者出现腹胀、腹痛和肠胃胀气。因此，低FODMAP饮食似乎是治疗肠易激综合征（IBS）患者的一种有前景的治疗方法。在本综述中，我们分析了关于低FODMAP饮食治疗IBS患者有效性和安全性的现有出版物。基于当前数据，我们概述了临床实践中使用低FODMAP饮食的基本原则和方法，并构建了低FODMAP和高FODMAP产品的详细清单，用于为IBS患者设计饮食方案。
