Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, New York, USA.
Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, New York, USA.
Dev Biol. 2021 Jun;474:16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.004. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Recent advances in synthetic human embryology has provided a previously inexistent molecular portrait of human development. Models of synthetic human embryonic tissues capitalize on the self-organizing capabilities of human embryonic stem cells when they are cultured on biomimetic conditions that simulate in vivo human development. In this Review, we discuss these models and how they have shed light on the early stages of human development including amniotic sac development, gastrulation and neurulation. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the molecular logic of embryonic tissue self-organization that have been dissected using synthetic models of human embryology and explore future challenges in the field. Geared with technological advances in bioengineering, high resolution gene expression and imaging tools, these models are set to transform our understanding of the mechanistic basis of embryonic tissue self-organization during human development and how they may go awry in disease.
人工合成人类胚胎学的最新进展为人类发育提供了以前不存在的分子图谱。当在模拟体内人类发育的仿生条件下培养时，人工合成的人类胚胎组织模型利用了人类胚胎干细胞的自我组织能力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些模型，以及它们如何揭示了人类发育的早期阶段，包括羊膜囊发育、原肠胚形成和神经管形成。我们讨论了使用人工合成人类胚胎模型解析的胚胎组织自我组织的分子逻辑背后的机制，并探讨了该领域未来的挑战。随着生物工程技术的进步、高分辨率基因表达和成像工具的发展，这些模型有望改变我们对人类发育过程中胚胎组织自我组织的机械基础的理解，以及它们在疾病中可能出错的方式。
