Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Aug;127:946-957. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.032. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
The master clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, is believed to control peripheral circadian oscillators throughout the brain and body. However, recent data suggest there is a circadian clock involved in learning and memory, potentially housed in the hippocampus, which is capable of acting independently of the master clock. Curiously, the hippocampal clock appears to be influenced by the master clock and by hippocampal dependent learning, while under certain conditions it may also revert to its endogenous circadian rhythm. Here we propose a mechanism by which the hippocampal clock could locally determine the nature of its entrainment. We introduce a novel theoretical framework, inspired by but extending beyond the hippocampal memory clock, which provides a new perspective on how circadian clocks throughout the brain coordinate their rhythms. Importantly, a local clock for memory would suggest that hippocampal-dependent learning at the same time every day should improve memory, opening up a range of possibilities for non-invasive therapies to alleviate the detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on human health.
主钟（视交叉上核）被认为控制着大脑和全身的外周生物钟振荡器。然而，最近的数据表明，学习和记忆中可能存在一个生物钟，它可能位于海马体中，能够独立于主钟运作。奇怪的是，海马体中的生物钟似乎受到主钟和海马体依赖型学习的影响，而在某些条件下，它也可能恢复到其内在的生物钟节律。在这里，我们提出了一种机制，通过该机制，海马体中的生物钟可以局部确定其被外部时间刺激的方式。我们引入了一个新的理论框架，该框架受到海马体记忆钟的启发，但又超越了它，为大脑中的生物钟如何协调它们的节律提供了一个新的视角。重要的是，一个用于记忆的本地时钟表明，每天在同一时间进行海马体依赖型学习应该会改善记忆，为非侵入性治疗开辟了一系列可能性，以减轻生物钟紊乱对人类健康的不利影响。
