Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Feb;270:113662. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113662. Epub 2021 Jan 1.
Intergenerational trauma refers to emotional and psychological wounding that is transmitted across generations. Latinxs-individuals who have migrated from Latin America to the United States or Canada and their descendants-are particularly vulnerable to intergenerational trauma due to legacies of colonialism, political violence, and migration-related stressors.
This scoping review aims to survey and synthesize the extant literature on intergenerational trauma in Latinxs, the ways that the literature conceptualizes and operationalizes intergenerational trauma, and the mechanisms of transmission that it proposes.
We identified and screened 7788 abstracts using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement and checklist.
We synthesized 44 articles published between 1994 and 2020, including 10 qualitative and 34 quantitative or mixed-methods studies. Qualitative studies more frequently placed intergenerational trauma within frameworks of structural vulnerability and historical and political violence, whereas quantitative studies tended to conceptualize trauma as discrete events or individual-level distress.
Our findings suggest that current paradigms within this field are constrained by their focus on individual risk factors and parenting-particularly mothering-behaviors, at the expense of cultural, structural, and historical context. We highlight multiple gaps in the literature and call for further research that (1) geographically represents Latinx communities; (2) includes individuals with intersectional identities; (3) deploys culturally-adapted instruments and measures; (4) focuses on caregivers and factors outside the maternal-child relationship; (5) examines the concept of biological embedding; and (6) more thoroughly considers the impacts of historical trauma and structural violence on Latinx communities.
代际创伤是指跨越代际传递的情感和心理创伤。拉丁裔（指从拉丁美洲移民到美国或加拿大的个人及其后代）由于殖民主义、政治暴力和与移民相关的压力等遗留问题，特别容易受到代际创伤的影响。
本范围综述旨在调查和综合拉丁裔代际创伤的现有文献，文献中对代际创伤的概念化和操作化方式，以及提出的传播机制。
我们使用系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）声明和检查表，确定并筛选了 7788 篇摘要。
我们综合了 1994 年至 2020 年期间发表的 44 篇文章，包括 10 篇定性研究和 34 篇定量或混合方法研究。定性研究更频繁地将代际创伤置于结构性脆弱和历史及政治暴力的框架内，而定量研究倾向于将创伤概念化为离散事件或个体层面的困扰。
我们的研究结果表明，该领域当前的范式受到其关注个体风险因素和育儿行为（特别是母亲行为）的限制，而牺牲了文化、结构和历史背景。我们强调了文献中的多个差距，并呼吁进行进一步的研究，包括：（1）在地理上代表拉丁裔社区；（2）纳入具有交叉身份的个体；（3）采用文化适应的工具和措施；（4）关注照顾者和母婴关系以外的因素；（5）研究生物嵌入的概念；（6）更全面地考虑历史创伤和结构性暴力对拉丁裔社区的影响。
