Shi Xin-Rui, Ren Bin-Bin, Jiang Lin-Lin, Fan Shu-Xiu, Cao Ying-Li, Ma Dian-Rong
Rice Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Northern Super Japonica Rice Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jan;32(1):154-162. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.021.
Rational application of organic fertilizers is an effective approach to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and zero growth of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production. The rice variety 'Shennong9816' was planted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, under seven different treatments: zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), low nitrogen, 150 kg·hm(LN), medium nitrogen, 240 kg·hm (MN), high nitrogen, 330 kg·hm(HN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 10% organic manure (OMN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure (OMN), and medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 30% organic manure (OMN). The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield were examined and the optimal fertilization scheme was determined. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, biomass and yield were increased with the increases of nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen use efficiency was decreased significantly. Compared with the MN treatment, the photosynthetic rate of OMN and OMN in filling stage was increased by 22.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The yield of OMN was increased by 3.8% compared to that of MN. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN were significantly improved by 8.1% and 13.3%, respectively. Moreover, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN were improved by 27.2% and 37.2% compared with the HN treatment. Thus, we concluded that the organic fertilizer replacement treatment could conserve soil fertility, achieve high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency, while reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application. The OMN treatment was recommended as a fertilizer application model due to its superior performance among the seven treatments.
合理施用有机肥是提高土壤肥力、作物产量以及实现农业生产中化肥零增长的有效途径。水稻品种“沈农9816”种植于辽宁省沈阳市，设置七个不同处理：不施氮肥（CK）、低氮（150 kg·hm，LN）、中氮（240 kg·hm，MN）、高氮（330 kg·hm，HN）、用10%有机肥替代化学氮肥的中氮处理（OMN）、用20%有机肥替代化学氮肥的中氮处理（OMN）以及用30%有机肥替代化学氮肥的中氮处理（OMN）。研究不同处理对光合速率、氮吸收、氮利用效率及产量的影响并确定最佳施肥方案。结果表明，光合速率、生物量和产量随施氮量增加而增加，而氮利用效率显著降低。与MN处理相比，灌浆期OMN和OMN的光合速率分别提高了22.9%和9.9%。OMN的产量比MN提高了3.8%。OMN的氮农学效率和生理效率分别显著提高了8.1%和13.3%。此外，与HN处理相比，OMN的氮农学效率和生理效率分别提高了27.2%和37.2%。因此，我们得出结论，有机肥替代处理可保持土壤肥力，实现高产和高氮利用效率，同时减少化学氮肥的施用。由于OMN处理在七个处理中表现优异，推荐其作为施肥模式。
