Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan.
Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
Viruses. 2021 Jan 17;13(1):124. doi: 10.3390/v13010124.
The APOBEC3 family of proteins in mammals consists of cellular cytosine deaminases and well-known restriction factors against retroviruses, including lentiviruses. genes are highly amplified and diversified in mammals, suggesting that their evolution and diversification have been driven by conflicts with ancient viruses. At present, lentiviruses, including HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, are known to encode a viral protein called Vif to overcome the antiviral effects of the APOBEC3 proteins of their hosts. Recent studies have revealed that the acquisition of an anti-APOBEC3 ability by lentiviruses is a key step in achieving successful cross-species transmission. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between mammalian APOBEC3 proteins and viral infections and introduce a scenario of the coevolution of mammalian genes and viruses.
哺乳动物的 APOBEC3 蛋白家族由细胞胞嘧啶脱氨酶和针对逆转录病毒（包括慢病毒）的已知限制因子组成。这些基因在哺乳动物中高度扩增和多样化，表明它们的进化和多样化是由与古老病毒的冲突驱动的。目前，包括 HIV（艾滋病的病原体）在内的慢病毒已被证实会编码一种名为 Vif 的病毒蛋白，以克服宿主 APOBEC3 蛋白的抗病毒作用。最近的研究揭示了慢病毒获得抗 APOBEC3 能力是实现成功跨物种传播的关键步骤。在这里，我们总结了哺乳动物 APOBEC3 蛋白与病毒感染之间相互作用的最新知识，并介绍了哺乳动物 基因和病毒共同进化的情景。
