Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 18;18(2):759. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020759.
A positive perception of motor skills is important for physical activity participation. The aim was to investigate which modifiable factors predict children's perceived motor skills. Mothers completed questionnaires when their child was 3.5 and 5 years old. At 5 years old, the children's perceived motor competence (PMC) was assessed. Separate linear regression models (up to 300 children) examined which factors at each time point predicted children's PMC, adjusted for relevant confounders. Multivariate models were then run with factors associated ( < 0.10) with perception. At 3.5 years, the time spent with same age and older children (both higher tertiles) and parental physical activity facilitation (sum of facilitation in last month, e.g., taking child to park) were initially associated with higher perception. Dance/gymnastics participation were associated with lower perceptions. Other child behaviours, maternal beliefs, play equipment, and swimming lessons were non-significant. In the final prospective model ( = 226), parental physical activity facilitation when child was 3.5 years old was the only factor to predict PMC. No factors were significant for the cross-sectional analyses at 5 years. Perceptions are formed based on past experiences which may explain why factors at 3.5 years rather than current experiences (when children were 5 years old) were associated with childhood perceptions.
积极的运动技能感知对于参与体育活动很重要。本研究旨在调查哪些可改变的因素可以预测儿童的运动技能感知。当孩子 3.5 岁和 5 岁时，母亲完成了问卷调查。在 5 岁时，评估了儿童的感知运动能力（PMC）。分别对每个时间点的线性回归模型（最多 300 名儿童）进行了分析，以确定哪些因素在调整了相关混杂因素后可以预测儿童的 PMC。然后，对与感知相关（<0.10）的因素进行了多变量模型分析。在 3.5 岁时，与同龄和年龄较大的孩子（均处于较高三分位数）相处的时间以及父母的体育活动促进（在上个月促进的总和，例如带孩子去公园）与更高的感知度最初相关。参加舞蹈/体操的儿童感知度较低。其他儿童行为、母亲信念、游乐设备和游泳课没有显著影响。在最终的前瞻性模型（n=226）中，孩子 3.5 岁时父母的体育活动促进是唯一可以预测 PMC 的因素。在 5 岁时的横断面分析中，没有任何因素具有统计学意义。感知是基于过去的经验形成的，这可能解释了为什么 3.5 岁时的因素而不是当前（孩子 5 岁时）的经验与儿童的感知有关。
