Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Biomed J. 2022 Apr;45(2):250-264. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.008. Epub 2021 Sep 2.
This paper adopts a method of narrative critical review based on a non-systematic search of the literature to provide insights into the trends of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) treatment and to point out some future alternative approaches to prevent secondary health implications in children with DCD. The cause of DCD is unknown, but evidence suggests that these children have atypical brain structure and function. Interventions to help children cope with their activity limitations are effective in improving motor competence and motor skill related fitness in the short term. Although activity-orientated interventions can improve motor outcomes in children with DCD, high quality intervention trials and evaluation of long-term effects are urgently needed. Importantly, motor coordination problems associated with DCD extend to exercise-related activities leading to reduced participation in play and sports, which causes secondary problems in muscular fitness and body composition. Hence, treatment goals should not be limited to the improvement of motor skills (in ADL), but should also focus on health-related quality of life. We therefore propose when noticing motor problems in a child, already before enrolling but also during intervention, to explore ways to adapt everyday physical activities to optimally match the child's skill level. Hence, such activities will not only train the skills and improve physical fitness but will lead to positive engagement, thereby preventing the child from opting out of active play and sports. This provides the child with chances for exercise-dependent learning and will also positively impact social-emotional well-being.
本文采用叙述性批判性综述方法，对文献进行非系统性检索，旨在深入了解发育性协调障碍（DCD）治疗的趋势，并指出一些未来预防 DCD 儿童继发健康问题的替代方法。DCD 的病因尚不清楚，但有证据表明这些儿童的大脑结构和功能存在异常。帮助儿童应对活动受限的干预措施在短期内有效提高运动能力和与运动技能相关的健康水平。虽然以活动为导向的干预措施可以改善 DCD 儿童的运动结果，但迫切需要高质量的干预试验和长期效果的评估。重要的是，与 DCD 相关的运动协调问题会延伸到与运动相关的活动中，导致参与游戏和运动的机会减少，从而导致肌肉健康和身体成分的继发问题。因此，治疗目标不应仅限于运动技能（ADL）的提高，还应侧重于与健康相关的生活质量。因此，当在儿童身上发现运动问题时，我们建议在入学前甚至在干预过程中，探索如何调整日常体育活动，使其与儿童的技能水平最佳匹配。因此，这些活动不仅可以训练技能和提高身体素质，还可以促进积极参与，从而防止儿童选择不参与积极的游戏和运动。这为儿童提供了依赖运动的学习机会，也将对社会情感健康产生积极影响。
