Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska St. 117A, 10-701 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 19;22(2):964. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020964.
Sex reversal has been used as a breeding strategy by salmonid fish to produce genetically and phenotypically single sex populations. Production of all-female fish has great importance for the creation of monosex female triploids of salmonid fish, which are valued for their sterility, lack of female maturation, and larger commercial size. Among salmonids, the majority of rainbow trout () production is based on all-female production with a high proportion of all-female triploid production in Europe. The main aim of this review is to present the recent knowledge regarding sex-reversed females (SRFs) of salmonid fish. We discuss the methods of sex reversal as well as their effects on the morphology and histology of the reproductive tract. We focus on the characteristics of SRF semen as well as the factors determining semen quality. The lower quality of SRF sperm compared to that of normal males has resulted in the need for the artificial maturation of semen. Most importantly, methods of semen storage-both short-term and long-term (cryopreservation)-that can improve hatchery operations are presented with the special emphasis on recent progress in development of efficient cryopreservation procedures and use of cryopreserved semen in hatchery practice. Moreover, we also address the emerging knowledge concerning the proteomic investigations of salmonid sperm, focusing primarily on the proteomic comparison of normal male and SRF testicular semen and presenting changes in SRF rainbow trout sperm proteome after in vitro incubation in artificial seminal plasma.
性反转已被鲑鱼科鱼类用作一种繁殖策略，以产生遗传上和表型上的单性群体。生产全雌鱼对于创造鲑鱼科鱼类的单性雌性三倍体非常重要，因为它们具有不育性、缺乏雌性成熟和更大的商业体型。在鲑鱼科鱼类中，大多数虹鳟（）的产量是基于全雌生产，欧洲的全雌三倍体生产比例很高。本综述的主要目的是介绍鲑鱼科鱼类性反转雌性（SRF）的最新知识。我们讨论了性反转的方法及其对生殖道形态和组织学的影响。我们专注于 SRF 精液的特征以及决定精液质量的因素。与正常雄性相比，SRF 精子质量较低，导致需要人工成熟精液。最重要的是，介绍了可改善孵化操作的精液储存方法-短期和长期（冷冻保存）-特别强调了最近在开发有效的冷冻保存程序和在孵化实践中使用冷冻保存精液方面的进展。此外，我们还讨论了有关鲑鱼科精子蛋白质组学研究的新进展，主要关注正常雄性和 SRF 睾丸精液的蛋白质组比较，并介绍了体外在人工精液中孵育后 SRF 虹鳟精子蛋白质组的变化。
