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TIM-1 和 IL-10 报告基因表达调节性 B 细胞的特征和活性。

Characterization and Activity of TIM-1 and IL-10-Reporter Expressing Regulatory B Cells.

机构信息

Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

出版信息

Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2270:179-202. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_10.

Abstract

In addition to their role in humoral immunity, B cells can exhibit regulatory activity. Such B cells have been termed regulatory B cells (Bregs). Bregs have been shown to inhibit inflammatory immune responses in a variety of autoimmune, alloimmune, and infectious settings. Breg activity is frequently IL-10-dependent, although a number of other mechanisms have been identified. However, our understanding of Bregs has been hampered by their rarity, lack of a specific phenotypic marker, and poor insight into their induction and maintenance. A variety of B-cell subsets enriched for IL-10 Bregs have been identified in multiple murine disease models that can adoptively transfer Breg activity. However, most of these B-cell subsets actually contain only a minority of all IL-10 B cells. In contrast, TIM-1 identifies over 70% of IL-10-producing B cells, irrespective of other markers. Thus, TIM-1 can be considered a broad marker for IL-10-expressing Bregs. Moreover, TIM-1 signaling plays a direct role in both the maintenance and induction of Bregs under physiological conditions, in response to both TIM-1 ligation and to apoptotic cells. TIM-1 expression has also been reported on IL-10 human B cells. Together, these findings suggest that TIM-1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for modulating the immune response and provide insight into the signals involved in the generation and induction of Bregs. Here, we provide the methods to analyze and purify the murine TIM-1 B-cell subset for further in vitro and in vivo experiments. We also provide methods for in vitro analysis and in vivo tracking of Bregs using IL-10-reporter mice.

摘要

除了在体液免疫中发挥作用外,B 细胞还可以表现出调节活性。这类 B 细胞被称为调节性 B 细胞(Bregs)。已证实 Bregs 可在多种自身免疫、同种免疫和感染性疾病中抑制炎症性免疫反应。Breg 活性通常依赖于 IL-10,但也已确定了许多其他机制。然而,由于 Bregs 数量稀少、缺乏特异性表型标志物以及对其诱导和维持的了解不足,我们对 Bregs 的认识受到了阻碍。在多种小鼠疾病模型中,已鉴定出多种富含 IL-10 的 Bregs 的 B 细胞亚群,这些亚群可以通过过继转移发挥 Breg 活性。然而,这些 B 细胞亚群中的大多数实际上只包含所有 IL-10 B 细胞的一小部分。相比之下,TIM-1 可识别超过 70%的产生 IL-10 的 B 细胞,而与其他标志物无关。因此,TIM-1 可以被认为是 IL-10 表达 Bregs 的广谱标志物。此外,在生理条件下,TIM-1 信号在 Bregs 的维持和诱导中均发挥直接作用,这是通过 TIM-1 配体和凋亡细胞的作用实现的。TIM-1 的表达也已在人类 IL-10 B 细胞中报告。这些发现共同表明,TIM-1 可能代表一种新型治疗靶点,可用于调节免疫反应,并深入了解参与 Bregs 生成和诱导的信号。在此,我们提供了分析和纯化用于进一步进行体外和体内实验的小鼠 TIM-1 B 细胞亚群的方法。我们还提供了使用 IL-10 报告小鼠进行体外分析和体内追踪 Bregs 的方法。

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