School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy -
School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 May;61(5):656-665. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.11850-X. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
The aim of this study was to examine the fitness profile of the Italian national male Team-Handball players of different competitive level.
Forty-one male handball players from the senior (N.=21, height 1.90±0.06m, body mass 94.04±11.59kg, BMI 26.13±2.45) to the junior category (N.=20, height 1.86±0.06m, body weight 84.99±12.52kg, BMI: 24.56±3.35) Italian National Teams participated in this study. Players were tested for lower and upper limbs muscle strength, change of direction ability and specific endurance. Lower limbs explosive strength was assessed with squat (SJ) countermovement (CMJ), stiff leg (stiffness) jumps. Explosive strength was assessed by measuring kinematic aspects of squat and bench exercises. Change of direction ability was assessed with the 505 test. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1) was considered for specific endurance.
Large and significant differences (d>1; partial η>0.14; P<0.01) between senior and junior national team players were found in anthropometrics, jumping, power, sprint, agility, and aerobic fitness (junior body weight accounting for 10% less than the senior one, P=0.021; SJ and CMJ in juniors smaller than the seniors by 15% and 12%, P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively). Similar differences were found among positional roles (goalkeepers, backs, centers, pivots, wings), suggesting practical implications for training.
The differences between the competitive level and the playing role in relevant handball performance were reported in Italian national team players. The magnitude of the differences suggests the need of individual training approach when dealing with the young handball players.
本研究旨在研究不同竞技水平的意大利国家男子手球队运动员的体能状况。
来自高级（N.=21，身高 1.90±0.06m，体重 94.04±11.59kg，BMI 26.13±2.45）到初级（N.=20，身高 1.86±0.06m，体重 84.99±12.52kg，BMI：24.56±3.35）意大利国家手球队的 41 名男性手球运动员参加了这项研究。运动员接受了下肢和上肢肌肉力量、变向能力和专项耐力测试。下肢爆发力采用深蹲（SJ）反跳（CMJ）、硬腿（僵硬）跳进行评估。通过测量深蹲和卧推运动的运动学方面来评估爆发力。采用 505 测试评估变向能力。Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复测试（YYIR1）用于评估专项耐力。
高级和初级国家手球队运动员在人体测量学、跳跃、力量、冲刺、敏捷和有氧健身方面存在较大且显著的差异（d>1；部分η>0.14；P<0.01）（初级体重比高级轻 10%，P=0.021；SJ 和 CMJ 比高级小 15%和 12%，P=0.000 和 P=0.001）。在守门员、后卫、中锋、枢轴、翼位等位置角色之间也发现了类似的差异，这对手球队的训练具有实际意义。
本研究报告了意大利国家手球队运动员在竞技水平和比赛角色对手球表现的影响，差异的幅度表明在处理年轻手球运动员时需要采用个体化的训练方法。
