Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021 Mar;92(3):282-290. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324244. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
To identify subgroups of former National Football League (NFL) players using latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine their associations with total years of participation (TYP) and self-reported lifetime sport-related concussion history (SR-CHx).
Former NFL players (N=686) aged 50-70 years, with an average 18.0 TYP (±4.5) completed a questionnaire. SR-CHx distributions included: low (0-3; n=221); intermediate (4-8; n=209) and high (9+; n=256). LPA measures included: Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Emotional-Behavioral Dyscontrol, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function, Emotional Support, Self-Efficacy, Meaning and Purpose, Physical Function, Pain Interference, Participation in Social Roles and Activities, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Sleep Disturbance. Demographic, medical/psychiatric history, current psychosocial stressors, TYP and SR-CHx were compared across latent profiles (LPs).
A five profile solution emerged: (LP1) global higher functioning (GHF; 26.5%); (LP2) average functioning (10.2%); (LP3) mild somatic (pain and physical functioning) concerns (22.0%); (LP4) somatic and cognitive difficulties with mild anxiety (SCA; 27.5%); LP5) global impaired functioning (GIF; 13.8%). The GIF and SCA groups reported the largest number ofe- medical/psychiatric conditions and higher psychosocial stressor levels. SR-CHx was associated with profile group (χ(8)=100.38, p<0.001); with a higher proportion of GIF (72.6%) and SCA (43.1%) groups reporting being in the high SR-CHx category, compared with GHF (23.1%), average (31.4%) and somatic (27.8%) groups. TYP was not significantly associated with group (p=0.06), with greater TYP reported by the GHF group.
Five distinct profiles of self-reported functioning were identified among former NFL players. Several comorbid factors (ie, medical/psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial stressors) and SR-CHx were associated with greater neurobehavioural and psychosocial dysfunction.
使用潜在剖面分析（LPA）确定前国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）球员的亚组，并研究他们与总参与年限（TYP）和自我报告的终身运动相关脑震荡史（SR-CHx）的关联。
年龄在 50-70 岁、平均 TYP（±4.5）为 18.0 年的前 NFL 球员（N=686）完成了一份问卷。SR-CHx 分布包括：低（0-3；n=221）；中（4-8；n=209）和高（9+；n=256）。LPA 测量包括：神经病学障碍的生活质量情绪行为控制、患者报告的结果测量信息系统认知功能、情绪支持、自我效能、意义和目的、身体功能、疼痛干扰、参与社会角色和活动、焦虑、抑郁、疲劳和睡眠障碍。在潜在剖面（LP）之间比较了人口统计学、医疗/精神病史、当前社会心理压力源、TYP 和 SR-CHx。
出现了五个剖面解决方案：（LP1）全球较高功能（GHF；26.5%）；（LP2）平均功能（10.2%）；（LP3）轻度躯体（疼痛和身体功能）问题（22.0%）；（LP4）躯体和认知困难伴轻度焦虑（SCA；27.5%）；（LP5）全球功能受损（GIF；13.8%）。GIF 和 SCA 组报告的 e-医疗/精神疾病数量最多，社会心理压力源水平也更高。SR-CHx 与剖面组相关（χ(8)=100.38，p<0.001）；与 GHF（23.1%）、平均（31.4%）和躯体（27.8%）组相比，GIF（72.6%）和 SCA（43.1%）组报告的高 SR-CHx 比例更高。TYP 与组无显著关联（p=0.06），GHF 组报告的 TYP 更高。
在前 NFL 球员中确定了五个不同的自我报告功能剖面。一些合并症因素（即医疗/精神疾病诊断和社会心理压力源）和 SR-CHx 与更大的神经行为和心理社会功能障碍相关。
