School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Planta. 2021 Jan 22;253(2):45. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7.
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
营养转运基因可能是提高作物的潜在候选基因，增强养分吸收能力可以提高作物产量，并通过提高对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性来增加产量。世界粮食供应正接近满足不断增长的全球人口需求的危机，增加主要作物的产量和营养价值对于满足人口增长需求至关重要。营养物质在植物代谢、生长和发育中起着重要作用，营养缺乏会导致植物生长迟缓，从而降低作物产量。多种细胞过程控制作物从土壤中吸收养分。在这些过程中，营养膜转运蛋白在从土壤中获取养分和将这些养分运输到靶标部位方面发挥着重要作用。此外，由于过量的养分输送对植物生长有有毒影响，这些膜转运蛋白在去除作物中过量的养分方面也起着重要作用。膜转运蛋白提供的关键功能是为作物提供足够水平的环境胁迫耐受性，例如土壤酸度、碱度、盐度、干旱和病原体攻击。膜转运蛋白基因已被用于改良作物，增强养分吸收能力可以提高作物产量，并通过提高对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性来增加产量。进一步了解作物中营养物质运输的基本机制，可以通过遗传技术和分子育种来促进工程植物作物的高级设计，从而提高产量和改善营养品质。本综述重点介绍了作物中的营养毒性和耐受性机制，以帮助理解和应对预期的全球粮食需求。
