School of Geology and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):26413-26426. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12403-0. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Farm worker and consumers are vulnerable to the potentially toxic pesticides accumulated in the environment and food. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the pesticide pollution and risk in the medlar planting site at a large scale. Hereupon, this study focused on the pesticide contamination distribution, their potential risk assessment of contaminated sites and dietary. The 11 pesticide pollution sources were collected from the five systems of fruit, leaf, soil, groundwater, and honey based on a systematic review in medlar planting site. Seventy-six samples were analyzed by chromatography technique. Residues of 4 (36.7%) compounds were found in the samples. The most distributed pesticides were imidacloprid for all samples, followed by avermectin for leaf, soil, groundwater, and honey, and carbendazim for leaf, glyphosate for soil, and those with the highest average concentrations were carbendazim (3.8-8.4 mg/kg of leaf) and glyphosate (0.21-1.3 mg/kg of soil). The vertical migration characteristic of imidacloprid was relatively stable, and the residual concentration gradually declined with the increase of burial depth. However, glyphosate tended to accumulate gradually or was close to the surface concentration with the increase of burial depth. The distribution of abamectin had no obvious regularity. Imidacloprid was lower than the MRL in fruit and honey. Imidacloprid, avermectin, and glyphosate no MRL in soil and groundwater are set. Using the monitoring data, potential health risk come from fruit, soil, and groundwater was evaluated. The HI and HQ could be considered safe for pesticide residues in fruit, soil, and groundwater. Even if these results are in general safe to eat, the effects of insecticide on human health, especially on genetic toxicity, have gradually aroused more attention. To minimize the increasing human health risk, this study suggests that authorities must regulate the usage of agrochemicals, to strengthen the controls for effective implementation of the pesticide bans.
农民和消费者容易受到环境和食物中积累的潜在有毒农药的影响。尽管如此，很少有研究大规模调查枸杞种植地的农药污染和风险。因此，本研究重点关注了枸杞种植地的农药污染分布、污染场地和饮食的潜在风险评估。在系统地综述枸杞种植地的基础上，从水果、叶片、土壤、地下水和蜂蜜五个系统中采集了 11 种农药污染源。采用色谱技术对 76 个样本进行了分析。结果发现，样品中有 4 种（36.7%）化合物残留。所有样本中最广泛分布的农药是吡虫啉，其次是阿维菌素，分布在叶片、土壤、地下水和蜂蜜中，而在叶片中则是多菌灵，草甘膦则分布在土壤中，最高平均浓度是多菌灵（叶片中 3.8-8.4mg/kg）和草甘膦（土壤中 0.21-1.3mg/kg）。吡虫啉的垂直迁移特征相对稳定，残留浓度随埋深的增加而逐渐下降。然而，草甘膦则随着埋深的增加，逐渐积累或接近表面浓度。阿维菌素的分布没有明显的规律。水果和蜂蜜中的吡虫啉低于 MRL。土壤和地下水中的阿维菌素和草甘膦没有设定 MRL。利用监测数据，对水果、土壤和地下水的农药残留潜在健康风险进行了评估。HI 和 HQ 可以认为是安全的，不会对水果、土壤和地下水中的农药残留造成危害。尽管这些结果在总体上是安全的，但杀虫剂对人类健康的影响，特别是遗传毒性，已逐渐引起更多关注。为了最大限度地降低不断增加的人类健康风险，本研究建议当局必须规范农药的使用，加强对有效实施农药禁令的控制。
