Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
Mol Biotechnol. 2021 Mar;63(3):184-199. doi: 10.1007/s12033-020-00288-2. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Heterologous expression of the carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms is a promising approach to produce bio-based compounds, such as fuels, nutraceuticals and other value-added products from sustainable lignocellulosic sources. Several microorganisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans, have unique characteristics desirable for a biorefinery production approach like well-known genetic tools, thermotolerance, high fermentative capacity and product tolerance, and high amount of recombinant enzyme secretion. These microbial factories are already stablished in the heterologous production of the carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce, among others, ethanol, xylooligosaccharides and the valuable coniferol. A complete biocatalyst able to heterologous express the CAZymes of glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and auxiliary activities families could release these compounds faster, with higher yield and specificity. Recent advances in the synthetic biology tools could expand the number and diversity of enzymes integrated in these microorganisms, and also modify those already integrated. This review outlines the heterologous expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms, as well as recent updates in synthetic biology.
在微生物中异源表达碳水化合物活性酶是一种很有前途的方法，可以利用可持续的木质纤维素资源生产生物基化合物，如燃料、营养保健品和其他高附加值产品。包括酿酒酵母、大肠杆菌和丝状真菌里氏木霉在内的几种微生物具有独特的特性，非常适合用于生物炼制生产方法，如众所周知的遗传工具、耐热性、高发酵能力和产物耐受性，以及大量重组酶的分泌。这些微生物工厂已经在碳水化合物活性酶的异源生产中得到建立，以生产乙醇、木低聚糖和有价值的枞醇等物质。一个完整的生物催化剂能够异源表达糖苷水解酶、碳水化合物酯酶和辅助活性家族的 CAZymes，可以更快地释放这些化合物，具有更高的产率和特异性。合成生物学工具的最新进展可以扩展整合到这些微生物中的酶的数量和多样性，并对已经整合的酶进行修饰。本文概述了微生物中碳水化合物活性酶的异源表达以及合成生物学的最新进展。
