Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(11):13031-13046. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12287-6. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Acrylamide is a chemical monomer; its polymer compounds are used in the manufacture of plastic, papers, adhesive tapes, dyes, and food packaging. Lately, scientists found that cooking (mainly roasting, baking, and frying) yields acrylamide. In addition to fried/baked potatoes, coffee and bakery products still contain substantial amounts of acrylamide. Acrylamide has toxic effects on different body systems include genitourinary, reproductive, nervous system, along with being a carcinogenic substance. The neurotoxicity of acrylamide includes central and peripheral neuropathy. In humans, the clinical manifestations include sensory or motor peripheral neuropathy, drowsiness, or cerebellar ataxia. Likewise, it presents with skeletal muscle weakness, hindlimb dysfunction, ataxia, and weight loss in animals. The suggested mechanisms for acrylamide neurotoxicity include direct inhibition of neurotransmission, cellular changes, inhibition of key cellular enzymes, and bonding of kinesin-based fast axonal transport. Moreover, it is suggested that acrylamide's molecular effect on SNARE core kinetics is carried out through the adduction of NSF and/or SNARE proteins. Lately, scientists showed disruption of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) cell signaling pathways in human differentiating neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, exposed to acrylamide. Different treatment modalities have been revealed to shield against or hasten recovery from acrylamide-induced neuropathy in preclinical studies, including phytochemical, biological, and vitamin-based compounds. Still, additional studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and to identify the best treatment modality.
丙烯酰胺是一种化学单体；其聚合物化合物用于制造塑料、纸张、胶带、染料和食品包装。最近，科学家发现烹饪（主要是烘烤、烘焙和油炸）会产生丙烯酰胺。除了炸薯条/烤土豆外，咖啡和烘焙产品仍含有大量丙烯酰胺。丙烯酰胺对包括泌尿生殖、生殖、神经系统在内的不同身体系统具有毒性作用，并且是一种致癌物质。丙烯酰胺的神经毒性包括中枢和周围神经病。在人类中，临床表现包括感觉或运动周围神经病、嗜睡或小脑共济失调。同样，在动物中也表现为骨骼肌无力、后肢功能障碍、共济失调和体重减轻。丙烯酰胺神经毒性的建议机制包括直接抑制神经递质传递、细胞变化、抑制关键细胞酶和结合基于驱动蛋白的快速轴突运输。此外，有人认为丙烯酰胺对 SNARE 核心动力学的分子作用是通过 NSF 和/或 SNARE 蛋白的加成来实现的。最近，科学家们在暴露于丙烯酰胺的人类分化神经母细胞瘤 SH-SY5Y 细胞中，发现了粘着斑激酶 (FAK) 和富含脯氨酸的酪氨酸激酶 2 (Pyk2) 细胞信号通路的破坏。在临床前研究中，已经发现了不同的治疗方法来预防或加速丙烯酰胺诱导的神经病的恢复，包括植物化学物质、生物和基于维生素的化合物。然而，仍需要进一步的研究来阐明发病机制并确定最佳的治疗方式。
