Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 24;270:113851. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113851. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
In China, shi hu (stems of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, D. fimbriatum Hook. D. huoshanense Z.Z. Tang & S.J. Cheng, or D. nobile Lindl) and tie pi shi hu (stems of D. officinale Kimura et Migo) are famous traditional medicines and are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the leaves of these Dendrobium plants are largely discarded.
To better utilize Dendrobium leaves, we summarize their traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicological effects.
"Orchidaceae", "Dendrobium", "leaf", "traditional use", and "ethnobotany" were used as search terms to screen the literature. Cited references were collected between 1960 and 2020 from the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), SciFinder, and Google Scholar, primarily in English and Chinese.
Traditional uses of leaves from 16 Dendrobium species were identified in the literature. The major uses of Dendrobium leaves include treatments for dermatologic disorders, metabolic syndromes, nervous system disorders, and musculoskeletal system disorders. More than 50 chemical compounds have been identified in the leaves of 10 Dendrobium species, which primarily include flavonoids, bibenzyls, coumarins, N-containing compounds, and polysaccharides. Antihyperlipidemia, antihypertensive, antihyperuricemia, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antitumor, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, lipase-inhibitory, and/or tyrosinase-inhibitory activities have been reported for the leaves of six Dendrobium species. D. officinale leaves have been shown to exhibit no reproductive toxicity against male rats, while D. speciosum Sm. leaves have been observed to exhibit slight genotoxicity in an in vitro study. Among Dendrobium species, D. officinale leaves are the most widely studied.
D. officinale leaves represent a good example of the utilization of leaf resources of the Dendrobium genus. In the future, more extensive research for the development of Dendrobium leaves is needed.
在中国，石斛（包括铁皮石斛、金钗石斛、霍山石斛或马鞭石斛的茎）和铁皮石斛（金钗石斛的茎）是著名的传统药材，被列入中国药典。然而，这些石斛植物的叶子在很大程度上被丢弃了。
为了更好地利用石斛叶，我们总结了其传统用途、化学成分、药理活性和毒理学作用。
以“兰科”“石斛”“叶”“传统用途”和“民族植物学”为检索词，筛选文献。从 Web of Science、中国知网（CNKI）、SciFinder 和 Google Scholar 中收集了 1960 年至 2020 年的参考文献，主要为英文和中文。
文献中确定了 16 种石斛属植物叶的传统用途。石斛叶的主要用途包括治疗皮肤病、代谢综合征、神经系统疾病和肌肉骨骼系统疾病。从 10 种石斛属植物的叶中已鉴定出 50 多种化合物，主要包括类黄酮、联苄基、香豆素、含氮化合物和多糖。已有 6 种石斛属植物的叶具有降血脂、降血压、降尿酸、抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、细胞毒性和抗肿瘤、保肝、免疫调节、脂肪酶抑制和/或酪氨酸酶抑制活性。已证明铁皮石斛叶对雄性大鼠无生殖毒性，而在一项体外研究中观察到霍山石斛叶具有轻微的遗传毒性。在石斛属植物中，铁皮石斛叶的研究最为广泛。
铁皮石斛叶是利用石斛属叶资源的一个很好的例子。未来需要对石斛叶进行更广泛的研究，以开发其应用。
