Daly Kristian, Moran Andrew W, Al-Rammahi Miran, Weatherburn Darren, Shirazi-Beechey Soraya P
Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK; Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, 58002, Iraq.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 21;542:54-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.032.
The perception of sweet is mediated by the sweet taste receptor T1R2-T1R3 expressed in taste cells of the lingual epithelium. This receptor is also expressed in intestinal enteroendocrine cells and is required for sensing luminal sugars and sweeteners to regulate expression of intestinal Na-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). There are some notable differences amongst species in the ability to detect certain non-nutritive (artificial) sweeteners. Amino acid substitutions and pseudogenization of taste receptor genes are responsible for these disparities. Using heterologous expression, we demonstrate that the commonly used non-nutritive sweeteners sucralose, saccharin and acesulfame K activate pig T1R2-T1R3, but that aspartame and cyclamate do not. Furthermore, we show that in vitro sweetener activation of pig T1R2-T1R3 mirrors the sweetener stimulation of the gut-expressed receptor in vivo. Considering that sweeteners are included in animal feed worldwide, determination of taste receptor specificities in different species is essential for the development of scientifically-based dietary formulations.
甜味的感知是由舌上皮味觉细胞中表达的甜味受体T1R2 - T1R3介导的。该受体也在肠道肠内分泌细胞中表达，是感知肠腔糖类和甜味剂以调节肠道钠 - 葡萄糖共转运蛋白1（SGLT1）表达所必需的。在检测某些非营养性（人工）甜味剂的能力方面，不同物种之间存在一些显著差异。味觉受体基因的氨基酸替换和假基因化是造成这些差异的原因。通过异源表达，我们证明常用的非营养性甜味剂三氯蔗糖、糖精和安赛蜜能激活猪的T1R2 - T1R3，但阿斯巴甜和甜蜜素则不能。此外，我们表明猪T1R2 - T1R3在体外对甜味剂的激活反映了体内肠道表达受体对甜味剂的刺激。鉴于甜味剂在全球范围内都被添加到动物饲料中，确定不同物种的味觉受体特异性对于开发基于科学的日粮配方至关重要。
