School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; APEC Sustainable Energy Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Renai College of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301636, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Apr 1;283:111992. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111992. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Advancing toilet technologies to address public health and sanitation issues are a concern of governments and organizations. This article mainly studies the assessment methods for the public toilets and some rural toilets considering from design to demolition to assist for the innovation of toilet technologies. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods were adopted to identify the assessment indicators and rank the weight. The outcome of Toilet Assessment Scheme (TAS), which includes a set of weightings and a classification system for the selected assessment indicators and sub-indicators. The weight calculation result showed that water resources, ecology, and indoor environmental quality are relatively high, which indicates that saving water, protecting the environment and optimizing the toilet environment should be given priority at the current stage. The individual questionnaire experts from the perspective of gender, profession, and generation, have different emphases on the evaluation scheme. This study can improve the comprehensiveness of toilet evaluation under the distinct background conditions, and will play a relevant role in the promotion of new toilet technology. The TAS can accelerate the toilet revolution in areas where toilets are scarce, and thus will improve the sanitary and health conditions of these populations.
推动厕所技术进步以解决公共卫生和环境卫生问题是政府和组织关注的焦点。本文主要研究了从设计到拆除的公共厕所和一些农村厕所的评估方法，以协助厕所技术的创新。采用层次分析法（AHP）和生命周期评估（LCA）方法来确定评估指标并对权重进行排名。结果得出了厕所评估方案（TAS），其中包括一套针对选定评估指标和子指标的权重和分类系统。权重计算结果表明，水资源、生态和室内环境质量相对较高，这表明在现阶段应优先考虑节约用水、保护环境和优化厕所环境。从性别、职业和代际的角度来看，个别问卷专家对评估方案有不同的侧重点。本研究可以在不同的背景条件下提高厕所评估的全面性，并将在推广新型厕所技术方面发挥相关作用。TAS 可以加速缺乏厕所地区的厕所革命，从而改善这些人群的卫生和健康条件。
