School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland; Centre of Behavioural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK.
Nivel, P.O. Box 1568, 3500, Utrecht, BN, The Netherlands.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Nov;87(11):4197-4211. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14744. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
This study reports the development and validation of a new self-report measure, the Medication Practical barriers to Adherence Questionnaire (MPRAQ), which assesses practical barriers to medication adherence.
The MPRAQ comprises 15 statements describing practical barriers. Responses are scored on a 5-point Likert scale; higher scores indicate more practical barriers. Initial face validity was evaluated by cognitive testing with patients from a diabetes support group. Following refinement, internal reliability and construct validity were assessed in two samples: patients recruited via Amazon mTurk and the Nivel Dutch Healthcare Consumer Panel (COPA). Respondents completed the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ-General and BMQ-Specific), and the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). The mTurk sample also completed the Perceived Sensitivity to Medicines questionnaire (PSM) and repeated the MPRAQ 2 weeks later to assess test-retest reliability.
Face validity was evaluated in 15 patients (46% female; mean (SD) age 64 (12) years). A total of 184 mTurk participants completed the questionnaire (in English) and 334 in COPA (in Dutch). Internal reliability was acceptable (mTurk α = 0.89; COPA α = 0.94). Construct validity was confirmed, with significant correlation between the MPRAQ and BMQ-Specific Concerns (mTurk r = 0.546, P < .0001; COPA r = 0.370, P < .0001), BMQ-General Harm (mTurk r = 0.504, P < 0.0001; COPA r = 0.219, P < .0001), BMQ-General Overuse (mTurk r = 0.324, P < .0001; COPA r = 0.109, P = .047) and PSM (mTurk only r = 0.463, P < .0001), and a negative correlation with MARS-5 (mTurk r = -0.450, P < .0001; COPA r = -0.260, P < .0001). MPRAQ did not correlate with BMQ-Specific Necessity or BMQ-General Benefit. Correlation between MPRAQ baseline and 2-week follow-up scores confirmed test-retest reliability (r = 0.745, P < .0001; n = 52).
MPRAQ is a reliable and valid self-report measure of practical adherence barriers.
本研究报告了一种新的自我报告衡量工具，即药物实用障碍依从性问卷（MPRAQ）的开发和验证，该工具用于评估药物依从性的实际障碍。
MPRAQ 由 15 个描述实际障碍的陈述组成。回答者在 5 点李克特量表上进行评分；分数越高表示实际障碍越多。通过对糖尿病支持小组的患者进行认知测试，初步评估了表面效度。经过改进，在两个样本中评估了内部信度和结构效度：通过亚马逊 mTurk 招募的患者和 Nivel 荷兰医疗保健消费者小组（COPA）。受访者完成了对药物的信念问卷（BMQ-一般和 BMQ-特定）和药物依从性报告量表（MARS-5）。mTurk 样本还完成了对药物敏感性感知问卷（PSM），并在 2 周后重复了 MPRAQ，以评估测试 - 重测信度。
在 15 名患者（46%为女性；平均（SD）年龄 64（12）岁）中评估了表面效度。共有 184 名 mTurk 参与者完成了问卷（英文），334 名 COPA 参与者完成了问卷（荷兰文）。内部信度可接受（mTurk α=0.89；COPA α=0.94）。结构效度得到确认，MPRAQ 与 BMQ-特定担忧（mTurk r=0.546，P<.0001；COPA r=0.370，P<.0001）、BMQ-一般伤害（mTurk r=0.504，P<.0001；COPA r=0.219，P<.0001）、BMQ-一般过度使用（mTurk r=0.324，P<.0001；COPA r=0.109，P=0.047）和 PSM（仅 mTurk r=0.463，P<.0001）呈显著相关，与 MARS-5 呈负相关（mTurk r=-0.450，P<.0001；COPA r=-0.260，P<.0001）。MPRAQ 与 BMQ-特定必要性或 BMQ-一般益处无关。MPRAQ 基线与 2 周随访评分之间的相关性证实了测试 - 重测信度（r=0.745，P<.0001；n=52）。
MPRAQ 是一种可靠且有效的自我报告工具，用于衡量实际的依从性障碍。
