Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2021 Oct;49(5):445-453. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12620. Epub 2021 Jan 24.
Low folic acid, folate and vitamin B12 might affect tooth formation and mineralization. The conversion of folic acid into folate is catalysed by the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) enzyme which is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Among 3728 mothers and their 10-year-old children from the Generation R Study, we investigated associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Secondly, we checked the modifying effect of MTHFR-C677T polymorphism.
Information on folic acid supplementation was obtained by questionnaires. Concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured from venous samples taken in early pregnancy. Developmental stages of teeth were defined by the Demirjian method at the age-10 assessment. In addition, dental age of the children was calculated using the Dutch standard. GLM and multivariate linear regression models were built to study the associations.
Folic acid supplementation started when pregnancy was known (β = -0.09; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.01) and folic acid supplementation started prior to known pregnancy (β = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04) were both associated with decelerated dental development by 1-2 months lower dental age of 10-year-old children. Folate (β = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.02) and vitamin B12 (β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.06) were not associated with dental age. MTHFR-C677T did not modify the associations.
Maternal folic acid supplementation delays dental development of children by 1-2 months dental age, whereas maternal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy do not affect the timing of child dental development.
叶酸、叶酸和维生素 B12 水平低可能会影响牙齿的形成和矿化。叶酸向叶酸的转化是由亚甲基四氢叶酸（MTHFR）酶催化的，该酶由 MTHFR 基因编码。在 Generation R 研究的 3728 位母亲及其 10 岁的孩子中，我们调查了母亲叶酸补充剂和产前叶酸及维生素 B12 浓度与儿童牙齿发育的相关性。其次，我们检查了 MTHFR-C677T 多态性的修饰作用。
通过问卷调查获取叶酸补充信息。从孕早期的静脉血样中测量叶酸和维生素 B12 的浓度。在 10 岁评估时，使用 Demirjian 法定义牙齿发育阶段。此外，还使用荷兰标准计算儿童的牙龄。使用 GLM 和多元线性回归模型来研究相关性。
已知怀孕时开始补充叶酸（β=-0.09；95%CI：-0.17，-0.01）和怀孕前开始补充叶酸（β=-0.12；95%CI：-0.20，-0.04）均与 10 岁儿童的牙龄降低 1-2 个月有关。叶酸（β=-0.02，95%CI：-0.05，0.02）和维生素 B12（β=0.03，95%CI：-0.00，0.06）与牙龄无关。MTHFR-C677T 并未改变这些关联。
母亲叶酸补充剂可使儿童的牙齿发育延迟 1-2 个月的牙龄，而孕早期母亲的叶酸和维生素 B12 浓度并不影响儿童牙齿发育的时间。
