LC-MS-based identification of bioactive compounds and hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced injury in rats.

The chemical profiling of the main phytoconstituents of total ethanolic extract (TEE) and its different fractions of leaves was dereplicated using liquid chromatography-high resolution-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS), revealed the presence of various classes of secondary metabolites; eight phenylethanoids, two flavonoidal glycosides and two iridoids. Moreover, the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of the TEE and its different fractions were investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-intoxicated rats and were compared with those of silymarin-treated group, revealing the highest potency of the EtOAc group, followed by the aqueous one in improving the CCl-induced alterations in several biochemical parameters. Besides, EtOAc and aqueous fractions exhibited the most inhibition of CCl-induced inflammatory mediators and improving the changes in the histopathological structures of the liver and kidney. In addition, the EtOAc fraction demonstrated the highest total phenolic content, whereas TEE showed the highest amount of total flavonoid content.[Formula: see text].