Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Feb;41:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.005. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
Recently, there are evidences that have shown vitamin D homeostasis has an impact in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, still it is unclear if vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of overt diabetes. This meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and RCTs was conducted to evaluate the role of vitamin D in prevention of type 2 diabetes and to elucidate this controversial topic.
A systematic search for English-language literature was done via PUBMED/Medline and Google Scholar up to March 2020. Based on a fixed and random effects model, the OR, HR and 95% CI were used to evaluate the combined risk. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines.
After eligibility assessment 10 studies with a total of 34,882 participants were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies suggested that there was a statistically significant association between the vitamin D and type 2 Diabetes; the pooled OR (95%CI) was 1.77 [1.51, 2.07] (P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of RCTs have shown that there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of type 2 Diabetes, the pooled HR (95%CI) was 0.89 [0.77, 1.02] (P = 0.08).
In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that there is association between the vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. However, the result of RCTs suggests emphasis of future studies for genetic factors such as polymorphic variants of the VDR gene as one factor in this complex process.
最近有证据表明，维生素 D 稳态对 2 型糖尿病的发生有影响。然而，目前仍不清楚维生素 D 补充是否能降低显性糖尿病的风险。本荟萃分析对横断面研究和 RCT 进行了评估，以评估维生素 D 在预防 2 型糖尿病中的作用，并阐明这一有争议的课题。
通过 PUBMED/Medline 和 Google Scholar 进行了系统的英文文献检索，检索截至 2020 年 3 月。基于固定效应和随机效应模型，使用 OR、HR 和 95%CI 来评估合并风险。本研究遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的 Preferred Reporting Items (PRISMA) 指南。
经过资格评估，共有 10 项研究（共 34882 名参与者）纳入荟萃分析。横断面研究的荟萃分析表明，维生素 D 与 2 型糖尿病之间存在统计学显著关联；合并的 OR（95%CI）为 1.77 [1.51, 2.07]（P < 0.001）。RCTs 的荟萃分析表明，维生素 D 补充与预防 2 型糖尿病之间无统计学显著关联，合并的 HR（95%CI）为 0.89 [0.77, 1.02]（P = 0.08）。
综上所述，本荟萃分析表明维生素 D 与 2 型糖尿病之间存在关联。然而，RCTs 的结果表明，未来的研究应强调遗传因素，如 VDR 基因的多态性变异，作为这一复杂过程中的一个因素。
