The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel.
Plant Sci. 2021 Feb;303:110785. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110785. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
Chemical weed-control is the most effective practice for wheat, however, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds threat food-security and calls for integration of non-chemical practices. We hypothesis that integration of alternative GA-responsive dwarfing genes into elite wheat cultivars can promote early vigor and weed-competitiveness under Mediterranean climate. We develop near-isogenic lines of bread wheat cultivars with GAR dwarfing genes and evaluate them for early vigor and weed-competitiveness under various environmental and management conditions to identify promising NIL for weed-competitiveness and grain yield. While all seven NILs responded to external gibberellic acid application, they exhibited differences in early vigor. Greenhouse and field evaluations highlighted NIL OC1 (Rht8andRht12) as a promising line, with significant advantage in canopy early vigor over its parental. To facilitate accurate and continuous early vigor data collection, we applied non-destructive image-based phenotyping approaches which offers non-expensive and end-user friendly solution for selection. NIL OC1 was tested under different weed density level, infestation waves, and temperatures and highlight the complex genotypic × environmental × management interactions. Our findings demonstrate the potential of genetic modification of dwarfing genes as promising approach to improve weed-competitiveness, and serve as basis for future breeding efforts to support sustainable wheat production under semi-arid Mediterranean climate.
化学除草是小麦最有效的措施，但除草剂抗性杂草的快速进化威胁到粮食安全，需要将非化学措施整合起来。我们假设将替代赤霉素反应型矮化基因整合到优良小麦品种中，可以促进在地中海气候下的早期活力和杂草竞争力。我们开发了具有 GAR 矮化基因的面包小麦近等基因系，并在各种环境和管理条件下评估它们的早期活力和杂草竞争力，以确定具有杂草竞争力和籽粒产量潜力的近等基因系。虽然所有 7 个近等基因系都对外源赤霉素有反应，但它们在早期活力方面表现出差异。温室和田间评估突出了 NIL OC1（Rht8 和 Rht12）作为一个有前途的品系，其冠层早期活力明显优于亲本。为了方便准确和连续的早期活力数据收集，我们应用了基于非破坏性图像的表型分析方法，为选择提供了一种经济实惠且用户友好的解决方案。NIL OC1 在不同的杂草密度水平、侵染波和温度下进行了测试，突出了基因型 × 环境 × 管理相互作用的复杂性。我们的研究结果表明，基因修饰矮化基因作为提高杂草竞争力的一种有前途的方法具有潜力，并为未来在半干旱地中海气候下支持可持续小麦生产的育种工作提供了基础。
