Song John H H, Loyal Sasha, Lond Benjamin
Division of Psychology, School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 6;11:607577. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607577. eCollection 2020.
Metacognition, the cognition about cognition, is closely linked to intelligence and therefore understanding the metacognitive processes underlying intelligence test performance, specifically on Raven's Progressive Matrices, could help advance the knowledge about intelligence. The measurement of metacognition, is often done using domain-general offline questionnaires or domain-specific online think-aloud protocols. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive awareness and intelligence via the design and use of a novel Meta-Cognitive Awareness Scale - Domain Specific (MCAS-DS) that encourages reflection of task strategy processes. This domain-specific scale was first constructed to measure participants' awareness of their own metacognition linked to Raven's Progressive Matrices (SPM). Following discriminatory index and Exploratory Factor Analysis, a 15-item scale was derived. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed five factors: Awareness of Engagement in Self-Monitoring, Awareness of Own Ability, Awareness of Responding Speed/Time, Awareness of Alternative Solutions and Awareness of Requisite Problem-Solving Resources. The intelligence level of ninety-eight adults was then estimated using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Participants also completed the MCAS-DS, and further items that examined their test-taking behavior and Confidence level. Metacognitive awareness was positively correlated to standardized IQ scores derived from the SPM whilst Over-Confidence derived using the Confidence level measure was negatively correlated to SPM. Despite some limitations, this study shows promise for elucidating the relationship between metacognitive awareness and intelligence using the task-specific scale.
元认知，即对认知的认知，与智力密切相关。因此，理解智力测试表现背后的元认知过程，特别是瑞文渐进矩阵测验中的元认知过程，有助于增进对智力的认识。元认知的测量通常使用领域通用的离线问卷或领域特定的在线出声思考协议。本研究旨在通过设计和使用一种新颖的特定领域元认知意识量表（MCAS-DS）来研究元认知意识与智力之间的关系，该量表鼓励对任务策略过程进行反思。这个特定领域的量表最初是为了测量参与者与瑞文标准渐进矩阵测验（SPM）相关的自身元认知意识而构建的。经过区分指数和探索性因素分析，得出了一个包含15个条目的量表。探索性因素分析显示出五个因素：自我监控参与意识、自身能力意识、反应速度/时间意识、替代解决方案意识和必要问题解决资源意识。然后使用瑞文标准渐进矩阵测验对98名成年人的智力水平进行评估。参与者还完成了MCAS-DS以及其他考察他们考试行为和信心水平的条目。元认知意识与从SPM得出的标准化智商分数呈正相关，而使用信心水平测量得出的过度自信与SPM呈负相关。尽管存在一些局限性，但本研究显示了使用特定任务量表阐明元认知意识与智力之间关系的前景。
