College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Dec 9;2020:8884583. doi: 10.1155/2020/8884583. eCollection 2020.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and a major global public health problem. With the rapid development of the economy, the incidence of CRC has increased linearly. Accumulating evidence indicates that changes in the gut microenvironment, such as undesirable changes in the microbiota composition, provide favorable conditions for intestinal inflammation and shaping the tumor growth environment, whereas administration of certain probiotics can reverse this situation to a certain extent. This review summarizes the roles of probiotics in the regulation of CRC, such as enhancing the immune barrier, regulating the intestinal immune state, inhibiting pathogenic enzyme activity, regulating CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis, regulating redox homeostasis, and reprograming intestinal microbial composition. Abundant studies have provided a theoretical foundation for the roles of probiotics in CRC prevention and treatment, but their mechanisms of action remain to be investigated, and further clinical trials are warranted for the application of probiotics in the target population.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球癌症相关死亡的第四大主要原因，也是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。随着经济的快速发展，CRC 的发病率呈线性增长。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微环境的变化，如微生物群落组成的不良变化，为肠道炎症提供了有利条件，并塑造了肿瘤生长环境，而某些益生菌的应用在一定程度上可以逆转这种情况。本综述总结了益生菌在调节 CRC 中的作用，如增强免疫屏障、调节肠道免疫状态、抑制致病酶活性、调节 CRC 细胞增殖和凋亡、调节氧化还原平衡以及重新编程肠道微生物组成。大量研究为益生菌在 CRC 的预防和治疗中的作用提供了理论基础，但它们的作用机制仍有待研究，进一步的临床试验对于益生菌在目标人群中的应用是必要的。
