Edzie Emmanuel Kobina Mesi, Dzefi-Tettey Klenam, Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye, Nimo Obed, Appiah-Thompson Peter, Amedi Michael Kofi, Bockarie Ansumana, Quarshie Frank, Onimole Emmanuel, Akorli Emmanuel, Anthony Richard, Edzie Richard Ato, Amankwa Nana Ama, Amartey Aaron, Osei Bernard, Oppong Bright, Asemah Abdul Raman, Gorleku Philip Narteh
Department of Medical Imaging School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana.
Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Faculty of Radiology Accra Ghana.
Health Sci Rep. 2024 May 9;7(5):e2090. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2090. eCollection 2024 May.
Goiter is a major source of morbidity in the world, especially in the developing world, where dietary iodine deficiency, a known cause of this condition, is endemic. The diagnosis is mostly by ultrasonography (USG) scan, which can give anatomical, pathological, and functional information for the management of goiter. This study aimed to determine the commonest ultrasound findings of goiter in Ghana.
The records of all 213 patients with goiter diagnosed by USG scan over a 5-year period were retrieved. Data collected were sociodemographics, ultrasound features, thyroid nodules diameter, and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) scores, which were analyzed using GNU PSPP, version 1.2.0-3. and two-tailed independent samples -test were also employed, with ≤ 0.05.
A total of 213 patients with goiter diagnosed by USG scan were obtained over the study period. The mean age of the participants was 50.01 ± 17.27 years, with an age range of 16-92 years and females constituting the majority (82.16%). The commonest ultrasound features were well-defined solid nodules. The lesion sites for most patients were the whole thyroid (28.17%), both lobes (24.41%), and the right lobe (20.19%). The mean difference in sizes of cysts and solid nodules among genders was 0.26 (CI: -0.14 to 0.67, = 0.20) and 0.12 (CI: -0.43 to 0.66, = 0.67), respectively. The TI-RADS score featured TI-RADS 4 (36.62%), TI-RADS 1 (28.17%), TI-RADS 3 (25.82%), TI-RADS 5 (5.16%), and TI-RADS 2 (4.23%). Solid nodules (49.32%, = 0.001) and cysts (35.71%, = 0.003) were more common within 41-60 years and less frequent in those <21 years. A ≤ 0.05 was considered significant in this study.
The predominant ultrasound features were well-defined solid nodules, simple cysts, and solid nodules with cystic changes, mostly located in the entire thyroid gland and least located in the isthmus only. Cysts and solid nodules were mostly seen in the 41-60 years age group.
甲状腺肿是全球发病的主要原因，尤其是在发展中国家，膳食碘缺乏是这种疾病的一个已知病因，在这些地区呈地方性流行。诊断主要依靠超声（USG）扫描，它可为甲状腺肿的治疗提供解剖、病理和功能信息。本研究旨在确定加纳甲状腺肿最常见的超声表现。
检索了5年间所有经USG扫描诊断为甲状腺肿的213例患者的记录。收集的数据包括社会人口统计学信息、超声特征、甲状腺结节直径以及甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）评分，使用GNU PSPP 1.2.0 - 3版本进行分析。还采用了双尾独立样本t检验，P≤0.05。
在研究期间共获得213例经USG扫描诊断为甲状腺肿的患者。参与者的平均年龄为50.01±17.27岁，年龄范围为16 - 92岁，女性占大多数（82.16%）。最常见的超声特征是边界清晰的实性结节。大多数患者的病变部位是整个甲状腺（28.17%）、双侧叶（24.41%）和右叶（20.19%）。囊肿和实性结节在不同性别间大小的平均差异分别为0.26（CI：-0.14至0.67，P = 0.20）和0.12（CI：-0.43至0.66，P = 0.67）。TI-RADS评分中，TI-RADS 4占36.62%，TI-RADS 1占28.17%，TI-RADS 3占25.82%，TI-RADS 5占5.16%，TI-RADS 2占4.23%。实性结节（49.32%，P = 0.001）和囊肿（35.71%，P = 0.003）在41 - 60岁人群中更常见，在21岁以下人群中较少见。本研究中P≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
主要的超声特征是边界清晰的实性结节、单纯囊肿以及伴有囊性变的实性结节，大多位于整个甲状腺，最少仅位于峡部。囊肿和实性结节多见于41 - 60岁年龄组。
