Bakhshinyan David, Savage Neil, Salim Sabra Khalid, Venugopal Chitra, Singh Sheila K
Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Oncol. 2021 Jan 8;10:603738. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603738. eCollection 2020.
During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.
在胚胎发育过程中，放射状胶质前体细胞产生神经谱系，并且一小部分细胞会在成年哺乳动物大脑中持续存在，以促进长期神经可塑性。神经干细胞（NSCs）存在于成年大脑的两个神经发生微环境中，即海马体和脑室下区（SVZ）。SVZ中的神经干细胞具有自我更新和多能分化的典型干细胞特性，这些特性由内在细胞程序以及外在细胞和微环境特异性相互作用维持。在胶质母细胞瘤（最具侵袭性的原发性恶性脑癌）中，一类被称为胶质母细胞瘤干细胞（GSCs）的细胞亚群表现出类似的干细胞样特性。虽然神经干细胞和胶质母细胞瘤干细胞在功能上有广泛重叠，但不同的基因谱、转录程序和外部环境线索会影响它们的不同行为。本综述重点介绍了胶质母细胞瘤干细胞和SVZ神经干细胞在基因表达、调控分子途径、微环境组织、代谢程序以及旨在利用这些差异的当前疗法方面的异同。
