Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2021 Apr 1;33(2):203-208. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000995.
Telehealth in neonatology is a rapidly expanding modality for providing care to neonatal patient populations. In this review, we describe the most recent published innovations in neonatal telehealth, spanning the neonatal ICU (NICU), community/rural hospitals and the patient's home.
Telemedicine for neonatal subspecialty care has continued to expand, from well established uses in retinopathy of prematurity screening and tele-echocardiography, to applications in genetics and neurology. Within the NICU itself, neonatologist-led remote rounding has been shown to be a feasible method of increasing access to expert care for neonates in rural hospitals. Telehealth has improved parental and caregiver education, eased the NICU-to-home transition experience and expanded access to lactation services for rural mothers. Telemedicine-assisted neonatal resuscitation has improved the quality of resuscitation and reduced unnecessary neonatal transports to higher levels of care. Finally, the global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the expansion of neonatal telehealth.
Telehealth provides increased access to expert neonatal care and improves patient outcomes, while reducing the cost of care for neonates in diverse settings. Continued high-quality investigation of the impacts of telehealth on patient outcomes and healthcare systems is critical to the continued development of neonatal telemedicine best practices.
新生儿学中的远程医疗是为新生儿患者群体提供护理的一种快速发展的模式。在这篇综述中，我们描述了新生儿远程医疗的最新创新，涵盖了新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）、社区/农村医院和患者家庭。
新生儿亚专科远程医疗的应用继续扩大，从早产儿视网膜病变筛查和远程超声心动图等成熟应用，扩展到遗传学和神经病学领域。在 NICU 内部，已经证明由新生儿科医生主导的远程查房是一种可行的方法，可以增加农村医院新生儿获得专家护理的机会。远程医疗改善了父母和照顾者的教育，缓解了 NICU 到家庭的过渡体验，并扩大了农村母亲获得哺乳服务的机会。远程医疗辅助新生儿复苏提高了复苏质量，减少了不必要的新生儿转运到更高水平的护理。最后，全球 COVID-19 大流行加速了新生儿远程医疗的发展。
远程医疗为专家新生儿护理提供了更多机会，改善了患者的预后，同时降低了不同环境中新生儿护理的成本。持续高质量地调查远程医疗对患者结局和医疗体系的影响，对于新生儿远程医疗最佳实践的持续发展至关重要。
