Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Feb 26;49(1):119-129. doi: 10.1042/BST20200059.
The plant leaf is the main site of photosynthesis. This process converts light energy and inorganic nutrients into chemical energy and organic building blocks for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cellular components and to support the growth of the rest of the plant. The leaf is also the site of gas-water exchange and due to its large surface, it is particularly vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Therefore, the leaf's performance and metabolic modes are inherently determined by its interaction with the environment. Mathematical models of plant metabolism have been successfully applied to study various aspects of photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation and metabolism, aided suggesting metabolic intervention strategies for optimized leaf performance, and gave us insights into evolutionary drivers of plant metabolism in various environments. With the increasing pressure to improve agricultural performance in current and future climates, these models have become important tools to improve our understanding of plant-environment interactions and to propel plant breeders efforts. This overview article reviews applications of large-scale metabolic models of leaf metabolism to study plant-environment interactions by means of flux-balance analysis. The presented studies are organized in two ways - by the way the environment interactions are modelled - via external constraints or data-integration and by the studied environmental interactions - abiotic or biotic.
植物叶片是光合作用的主要场所。这个过程将光能和无机养分转化为化学能和有机构建块，用于生物合成和维持细胞成分，并支持植物其余部分的生长。叶片也是气体-水交换的场所，由于其表面积大，叶片特别容易受到病原体的攻击。因此，叶片的性能和代谢模式本质上取决于它与环境的相互作用。植物代谢的数学模型已成功应用于研究光合作用、碳和氮同化和代谢的各个方面，有助于提出优化叶片性能的代谢干预策略，并深入了解植物在各种环境中的代谢进化驱动力。随着当前和未来气候下提高农业性能的压力不断增加，这些模型已成为提高我们对植物-环境相互作用理解的重要工具，并推动了植物育种者的努力。这篇综述文章通过通量平衡分析，回顾了大规模叶片代谢模型在研究植物-环境相互作用中的应用。所呈现的研究以两种方式组织 - 通过建模环境相互作用的方式 - 通过外部约束或数据集成，以及通过研究的环境相互作用 - 非生物或生物。
