School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
Curr Oncol. 2021 Jan 21;28(1):640-660. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28010063.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive clonal proliferation of plasma cells. The treatment of multiple myeloma presents a variety of unique challenges due to the complex molecular pathophysiology and incurable status of the disease at this time. Given that MM is the second most common blood cancer with a characteristic and unavoidable relapse/refractory state during the course of the disease, the development of new therapeutic modalities is crucial. Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf, GSK2857916) is a first-in-class therapeutic, indicated for patients who have previously attempted four other treatments, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteosome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. In November 2017, the FDA designated belamaf as a breakthrough therapy for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. In August 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval as a monotherapy for relapsed or treatment-refractory multiple myeloma. The drug was also approved in the EU for this indication in late August 2020. Of note, belamaf is associated with the following adverse events: decreased platelets, corneal disease, decreased or blurred vision, anemia, infusion-related reactions, pyrexia, and fetal risk, among others. Further studies are necessary to evaluate efficacy in comparison to other standard treatment modalities and as future drugs in this class are developed.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种血液恶性肿瘤，其特征是浆细胞的异常克隆性增殖。由于目前该病的分子病理生理学复杂且无法治愈，多发性骨髓瘤的治疗存在多种独特的挑战。鉴于 MM 是第二常见的血液癌，在疾病过程中具有特征性且不可避免的复发/难治状态，因此开发新的治疗方法至关重要。贝兰他单抗（belamaf，GSK2857916）是一种首创的治疗药物，适用于之前尝试过四种其他治疗方法的患者，包括抗 CD38 单克隆抗体、蛋白酶体抑制剂和免疫调节剂。2017 年 11 月，FDA 将 belamaf 指定为治疗复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤的重度预处理患者的突破性疗法。2020 年 8 月，FDA 加速批准其作为复发性或治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤的单一疗法。该药还于 2020 年 8 月底在欧盟获批该适应证。值得注意的是，belamaf 与以下不良反应有关：血小板减少、角膜疾病、视力下降或模糊、贫血、输注相关反应、发热和胎儿风险等。需要进一步研究来评估其与其他标准治疗方法相比的疗效，以及随着该类别的未来药物的开发。
