Anjos Carolina C, Chagas Carolina R F, Fecchio Alan, Schunck Fabio, Costa-Nascimento Maria J, Monteiro Eliana F, Mathias Bruno S, Bell Jeffrey A, Guimarães Lilian O, Comiche Kiba J M, Valkiūnas Gediminas, Kirchgatter Karin
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.
Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 21;10(2):103. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020103.
Determining the prevalence and local transmission dynamics of parasitic organisms are necessary to understand the ability of parasites to persist in host populations and disperse across regions, yet local transmission dynamics, diversity, and distribution of haemosporidian parasites remain poorly understood. We studied the prevalence, diversity, and distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites of the genera , , and among resident and migratory birds in Serra do Mar, Brazil. Using 399 blood samples from 66 Atlantic Forest bird species, we determined the prevalence and molecular diversity of these pathogens across avian host species and described a new species of . Our molecular and morphological study also revealed that migratory species were infected more than residents. However, vector infective stages (gametocytes) of spp., the most prevalent parasites found in the most abundant migrating host species in Serra do Mar (), were not seen in blood films of local birds suggesting that this long-distance Austral migrant can disperse parasite lineages from Patagonia to the Atlantic Forest, but lineage sharing among resident species and local transmission cannot occur in this part of Brazil. Our study demonstrates that migratory species may harbor a higher diversity and prevalence of parasites than resident species, but transportation of some parasites by migratory hosts may not always affect local transmission.
确定寄生生物的流行程度和本地传播动态对于理解寄生虫在宿主种群中持续存在并在不同区域扩散的能力至关重要，然而血孢子虫寄生虫的本地传播动态、多样性和分布仍知之甚少。我们研究了巴西滨海山脉地区留鸟和候鸟中疟原虫属、血变原虫属和锥虫属鸟类血孢子虫寄生虫的流行程度、多样性和分布情况。我们使用了来自66种大西洋森林鸟类的399份血液样本，确定了这些病原体在鸟类宿主物种中的流行程度和分子多样性，并描述了一种新的疟原虫物种。我们的分子和形态学研究还表明，候鸟比留鸟感染更严重。然而，在滨海山脉地区最丰富的迁徙宿主物种（）中发现的最普遍的寄生虫——疟原虫属的媒介感染阶段（配子体），在当地鸟类的血片中未被发现，这表明这种长途南迁的候鸟可以将疟原虫谱系从巴塔哥尼亚传播到大西洋森林，但在巴西的这一地区，留鸟物种之间的谱系共享和本地传播不会发生。我们的研究表明，候鸟可能比留鸟携带更高的寄生虫多样性和流行程度，但候鸟宿主对某些寄生虫的传播不一定总会影响本地传播。
