Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Jan 21;13(2):156. doi: 10.3390/v13020156.
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immunity repertoire, and function in the recognition and destruction of tumorigenic and pathogen-infected cells. Engagement of NK cell activating receptors can lead to functional activation of NK cells, resulting in lysis of target cells. NK cell activating receptors specific for non-major histocompatibility complex ligands are NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, NKG2D, and CD16 (also known as FcγRIII). The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30, have been implicated in functional activation of NK cells following influenza virus infection via binding with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). In this review we describe NK cell and influenza A virus biology, and the interactions of influenza A virus HA and other pathogen lectins with NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). We review concepts which intersect viral immunology, traditional virology and glycobiology to provide insights into the interactions between influenza virus HA and the NCRs. Furthermore, we provide expert opinion on future directions that would provide insights into currently unanswered questions.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是先天免疫组成部分的一部分，其功能在于识别和破坏致瘤和被病原体感染的细胞。NK 细胞激活受体的结合可导致 NK 细胞的功能激活，从而导致靶细胞的溶解。针对非主要组织相容性复合体配体的 NK 细胞激活受体是 NKp46、NKp44、NKp30、NKG2D 和 CD16（也称为 FcγRIII）。自然细胞毒性受体 (NCR)、NKp46、NKp44 和 NKp30，已被发现在流感病毒感染后通过与流感病毒血凝素 (HA) 的结合而在 NK 细胞的功能激活中起作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 NK 细胞和甲型流感病毒生物学，以及甲型流感病毒 HA 和其他病原体凝集素与 NK 细胞自然细胞毒性受体 (NCR) 的相互作用。我们回顾了交叉病毒免疫学、传统病毒学和糖生物学的概念，以深入了解流感病毒 HA 与 NCR 之间的相互作用。此外，我们还就未来的方向提供了专家意见，这些意见将为目前尚无答案的问题提供见解。
