Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meineszgebouw A, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meineszgebouw A, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Feb;270:113542. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113542. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Since the growth of research into neighbourhood effects on young people's health in the 1980s, there have been major societal changes and scientific methodological advancements. In this systematic review we will, therefore, discuss the recent (>2009) literature on the association between neighbourhood deprivation and young people's (0-19 years old) mental health and well-being. We focus on whether neighbourhood deprivation effects exist, and how and for whom the neighbourhood matters. Together, the thirty studies included in the review indicate that overall there are neighbourhood effects on young people's mental health and well-being. The comparison of results from these studies suggests that such associations were more commonly found for well-being and externalising problem behaviour rather than internalising problem behaviour. Also, mental health and well-being seemed to be more often associated with the neighbourhood social environment than neighbourhood socio-economic status and neighbourhood disorder. Studies investigating mediating processes between the linkage between neighbourhood deprivation and mental health and well-being were rare although there was some evidence that processes within the family and peer context are important mechanisms in this linkage. Inconsistent evidence was found regarding the moderating role of age, gender, and ethnicity. There are ongoing challenges of researching the how and for whom neighbourhoods are important. We should work towards rigorous theory and evidence on how different features of residential contexts matter and on differential exposure and vulnerability to these contexts.
自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，人们对邻里效应对年轻人健康影响的研究不断增加，同时社会也发生了重大变化，科学方法也取得了进步。因此，在本次系统综述中，我们将讨论最近（2009 年以后）关于邻里贫困与年轻人（0-19 岁）心理健康和幸福感之间关系的文献。我们重点关注邻里贫困对年轻人心理健康和幸福感的影响是否存在，以及这种影响的作用方式和影响人群。综述中纳入的三十项研究表明，邻里环境对年轻人的心理健康和幸福感存在总体影响。这些研究的结果比较表明，这种关联在幸福感和外化问题行为方面更为常见，而不是内化问题行为。此外，心理健康和幸福感似乎与邻里社会环境的关系更为密切，而与邻里社会经济地位和邻里混乱的关系则不那么密切。虽然有一些证据表明家庭和同伴环境中的过程是这种关联的重要机制，但调查邻里贫困与心理健康和幸福感之间联系的中介过程的研究很少。关于年龄、性别和种族的调节作用的证据并不一致。目前仍面临研究邻里环境的作用方式和影响人群的挑战。我们应该致力于研究居住环境的不同特征如何重要，以及对这些环境的不同暴露和脆弱性，以获得严格的理论和证据。
