Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Tob Control. 2022 Jul;31(4):534-542. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056033. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Policymakers wishing to encourage smokers unable to quit to switch to using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) also need to consider how to deter ENDS use among non-smokers. We examined whether reduced-risk messages could increase ENDS' appeal among smokers and if increased-risk messages could decrease appeal among susceptible non-smokers, occasional and former smokers.
An online discrete choice experiment tested three attributes: information message, nicotine content (0 mg or 3 mg) and flavour (tobacco, menthol or fruit). The sample comprised 352 current smokers, 118 occasional and former smokers, and 216 ENDS-susceptible never smokers. Smokers viewed reduced-risk messages that encouraged switching to ENDS, while other groups viewed increased-risk messages that discouraged ENDS use. All groups saw a typical addiction warning. We analysed the data by estimating multinomial logit regression and adjusted latent class analysis models.
Relative to no message, reduced risk-messages increased the appeal of ENDS uptake among one class of smokers (33.5%) but decreased appeal among other smokers. However, among all smokers, reduced-risk messages increased preference more than a dissuasive addiction warning. By contrast, among occasional or former smokers, and susceptible non-smokers, all information messages discouraging ENDS use, including an addiction warning, decreased preference relative to no message.
On-pack relative-risk messages about ENDS could make transition more attractive to smokers while increased-risk messages could deter ENDS uptake among susceptible non-smokers, occasional and former smokers. Communicating diverse messages via discrete channels could recognise heterogeneity among and between smokers and non-smokers.
希望鼓励无法戒烟的吸烟者改用电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）的政策制定者还需要考虑如何阻止非吸烟者使用ENDS。我们研究了降低风险的信息是否会增加吸烟者对ENDS 的吸引力，以及增加风险的信息是否会降低易感非吸烟者、偶尔吸烟者和前吸烟者对 ENDS 的吸引力。
一项在线离散选择实验测试了三个属性：信息信息、尼古丁含量（0 毫克或 3 毫克）和口味（烟草、薄荷或水果）。样本包括 352 名当前吸烟者、118 名偶尔吸烟者和前吸烟者以及 216 名易受影响的从未吸烟者。吸烟者看到鼓励改用 ENDS 的降低风险信息，而其他群体则看到劝阻使用 ENDS 的增加风险信息。所有群体都看到了典型的成瘾警告。我们通过估计多项逻辑回归和调整潜在类别分析模型来分析数据。
与没有信息相比，降低风险的信息增加了一类吸烟者（33.5%）对 ENDS 采用的吸引力，但降低了其他吸烟者的吸引力。然而，在所有吸烟者中，降低风险的信息比劝阻成瘾的警告更能增加偏好。相比之下，在偶尔吸烟者或前吸烟者以及易感非吸烟者中，所有劝阻使用 ENDS 的信息，包括成瘾警告，与没有信息相比，都降低了偏好。
关于 ENDS 的包装上的相对风险信息可以使吸烟者更容易过渡，而增加风险的信息可以阻止易感非吸烟者、偶尔吸烟者和前吸烟者使用 ENDS。通过离散渠道传达不同的信息可以认识到吸烟者和非吸烟者之间以及之间的异质性。
