Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):26664-26676. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12424-9. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
This study aimed to use bioassays (single and multispecies) with organisms from different trophic levels to assess soil quality in reclaimed coal mining areas. Soil samples were collected from four sites: two sites with recent reclaim processes (one using topsoil and other using clayey soil), an natural attenuation site, and a control soil. The evaluated parameters were divided into (1) ecotoxicological tests (avoidance test with Eisenia andrei (earthworms) and Armadillidium vulgare (isopods); germination test with Sinapis alba seeds (mustard); reproduction tests with Folsomia candida (collembolans); bacterial toxicity test); (2) population and community assessments (a fungal count; microbial community analysis using Biolog EcoPlates); (3) microcosms scale evaluation (the MS-3 multispecies system); and (4) chemical analysis (soil parameters, soil metal, and cations and anions in soil leachate). Results pointed to toxicity in the natural attenuation site that compromised of habitat function, probably due to low pH and low nutrient levels. The most recent reclaim process, using topsoil and clay soil, improved soil quality and fertility, with a further increase in habitat quality and heterogeneity. This study shows that some techniques used to reclaim degraded mining areas are effective in rebuilding habitats, sustaining soil biota, and reestablishing ecosystem services.
本研究旨在利用生物测定法（单一和多物种），结合不同营养级别的生物体，评估复垦采煤区的土壤质量。从四个地点采集土壤样本：两个采用近期复垦工艺的地点（一个使用表土，另一个使用粘壤土）、一个自然衰减地点和一个对照土壤。评估的参数分为（1）生态毒理学测试（用赤子爱胜蚓（蚯蚓）和马陆（等足目动物）进行回避测试；用白芥种子（芥菜）进行发芽测试；用华丽真潘（跳虫）进行繁殖测试；细菌毒性测试）；（2）种群和群落评估（真菌计数；使用 Biolog EcoPlates 进行微生物群落分析）；（3）微宇宙尺度评估（MS-3 多物种系统）；和（4）化学分析（土壤参数、土壤金属和土壤浸出液中的阳离子和阴离子）。结果表明，自然衰减地点存在毒性，影响了栖息地功能，可能是由于 pH 值低和养分水平低。采用表土和粘壤土的最新复垦工艺提高了土壤质量和肥力，进一步提高了栖息地质量和异质性。本研究表明，一些用于修复退化采煤区的技术可有效重建栖息地，维持土壤生物群，并重新建立生态系统服务。
