Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy; email:
Annu Rev Pathol. 2021 Jan 24;16:93-122. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013058.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade. Nonetheless, prolonged survival is limited to relatively few patients. Cancers enforce a multifaceted immune-suppressive network whose nature is progressively shaped by systemic and local cues during tumor development. Monocytes bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and can affect the tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms that induce immune tolerance, angiogenesis, and increased dissemination of tumor cells. Yet monocytes can also give rise to antitumor effectors and activate antigen-presenting cells. This yin-yang activity relies on the plasticity of monocytes in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the ontogeny, heterogeneity, and functions of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells in cancer, pinpointing the main pathways that are important for modeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
免疫疗法在过去十年中彻底改变了癌症治疗。尽管如此，长期存活的患者仍然相对较少。癌症会强制形成一个多方面的免疫抑制网络，其性质在肿瘤发展过程中会逐渐受到系统性和局部线索的影响。单核细胞连接先天和适应性免疫反应，并通过各种机制影响肿瘤微环境，这些机制会诱导免疫耐受、血管生成和肿瘤细胞的扩散增加。然而，单核细胞也可以产生抗肿瘤效应物并激活抗原呈递细胞。这种阴阳活动依赖于单核细胞对环境刺激的可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于单核细胞和单核细胞衍生细胞在癌症中的发生、异质性和功能的知识，指出了建模免疫抑制肿瘤微环境的重要途径。
