Leenaars Cathalijn H C, Van der Mierden Stevie, Joosten Ruud N J M A, Van der Weide Marnix A, Schirris Mischa, Dematteis Maurice, Meijboom Franck L B, Feenstra Matthijs G P, Bleich André
Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Department for Health Evidence (Section HTA), SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Clocks Sleep. 2021 Jan 20;3(1):31-52. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep3010003.
Animals, including humans, frequently make decisions involving risk or uncertainty. Different strategies in these decisions can be advantageous depending the circumstances. Short sleep duration seems to be associated with more risky decisions in humans. Animal models for risk-based decision making can increase mechanistic understanding, but very little data is available concerning the effects of sleep. We combined primary- and meta-research to explore the relationship between sleep and risk-based decision making in animals. Our first objective was to create an overview of the available animal models for risky decision making. We performed a systematic scoping review. Our searches in Pubmed and Psychinfo retrieved 712 references, of which 235 were included. Animal models for risk-based decision making have been described for rodents, non-human primates, birds, pigs and honey-bees. We discuss task designs and model validity. Our second objective was to apply this knowledge and perform a pilot study on the effect of sleep deprivation. We trained and tested male Wistar rats on a probability discounting task; a "safe" lever always resulted in 1 reward, a "risky" lever resulted in 4 or no rewards. Rats adapted their preferences to variations in reward probabilities ( < 0.001), but 12 h of sleep deprivation during the light phase did not clearly alter risk preference ( = 0.21).
包括人类在内的动物经常做出涉及风险或不确定性的决策。在这些决策中，不同的策略根据具体情况可能具有优势。睡眠时间短似乎与人类更多的冒险决策有关。基于风险的决策的动物模型可以增进对其机制的理解，但关于睡眠影响的数据却非常少。我们结合了原始研究和元研究来探讨动物睡眠与基于风险的决策之间的关系。我们的首要目标是概述现有的用于风险决策的动物模型。我们进行了一项系统性的范围综述。我们在PubMed和Psychinfo数据库中的检索共获取了712篇参考文献，其中235篇被纳入。已描述了用于啮齿动物、非人类灵长类动物、鸟类、猪和蜜蜂的基于风险的决策的动物模型。我们讨论了任务设计和模型有效性。我们的第二个目标是运用这些知识并开展一项关于睡眠剥夺影响的初步研究。我们在一个概率折扣任务中对雄性Wistar大鼠进行训练和测试；一个 “安全” 杠杆总是产生1次奖励，一个 “冒险” 杠杆则产生4次奖励或无奖励。大鼠会根据奖励概率的变化调整它们的偏好（<0.001），但在光照阶段进行12小时的睡眠剥夺并未明显改变风险偏好（=0.21）。
